Which of the following statements best distinguishes a program from a portfolio?

A program delivers coordinated benefits from related projects; a portfolio aligns projects and programs with strategic goals.

A program lasts longer than a portfolio.

A program contains unrelated projects; a portfolio contains interdependent ones.

A program focuses on financial performance; a portfolio does not.

Which of the following correctly matches a PMO type with its level of control?

Controlling PMO – Moderate control, enforces compliance

Directive PMO – Low control, advisory only

Supportive PMO – High control, manages projects

Controlling PMO – No control, provides tools only

An IT company in Herat manages client-based service delivery. Each project is run independently with its own team and leadership. The project manager oversees all aspects of delivery, including quality, scheduling, and staffing. What is a key advantage of this structure?

Strong project focus and rapid decision-making

Cost savings through resource sharing

High efficiency through functional specialization

Reduced training needs for team members

Which of the following statements is TRUE about how organizational structure impacts project management?

Matrix structures offer varying degrees of authority to project managers.

Projectized structures give the least authority to project managers.

Functional structures assign all project control to the project manager.

All organizational structures treat project work the same way.

Your team is working on a project to build a small health clinic in a rural village in Badakhshan . The project aims to construct the building, install basic medical equipment, and provide staff training. Which of the following best describes the project scope ?

The construction of the clinic, installation of equipment, and staff training

The expected weather conditions during construction

The team members assigned to the project

The communication plan to update local authorities

Your organization is managing a project to build a clean water system for a village in Nangarhar . The project includes digging the well, installing the water pipes, and testing the system. The team creates a timeline showing when each activity should start and finish. Which of the following best represents the project schedule ?

The timeline showing when each activity will start and finish

The list of all materials needed for the project

The estimated budget for each task

The roles and responsibilities of each team member

Your team is planning a project to set up a small computer lab for students in a school in Logar . You list the prices for computers, desks, electrical work, and transportation, and then calculate the total amount of money the project will need. Which of the following best represents the project cost ?

The total amount of money needed for all project activities

The number of students who will use the lab

The internet speed required for the computers

The type of training teachers will receive

Your organization is building emergency shelters for displaced families in Faryab province . The shelters must be strong enough to protect families from rain and cold weather. The team checks the materials and construction work to make sure they meet certain standards. Which of the following best represents a focus on project quality ?

Checking that the shelters meet safety and durability standards

Making sure the shelters are completed before winter

Choosing the cheapest construction materials

Hiring more workers to speed up construction

Your team is leading a project to organize a mobile health camp in Farah province . To make the camp successful, you need doctors, nurses, medical supplies, vehicles, and tents. You make a list of what is needed and ensure everything is available on time. Which of the following best represents the project resources ?

The doctors, nurses, supplies, and equipment used in the project

The list of patients expected to attend the health camp

The detailed schedule of medical check-ups

The report written after the camp ends

Your organization is implementing a project to deliver solar panels to remote villages in Daikundi . Before starting, the team discusses possible issues like road closures, delays in equipment delivery, or bad weather that could affect the schedule. You also prepare plans to manage these issues if they happen. Which of the following best represents a focus on project risk ?

Preparing for problems that could affect the project and planning how to respond

Making a list of equipment to be delivered

Writing thank-you letters to community leaders

Hiring extra workers to speed up the installation

Your team is managing a project to build a small bridge in a rural area of Khost province . Since your organization doesn't have the right construction equipment, you decide to hire a local contractor to provide the materials and machinery. Which of the following best represents project procurement ?

Hiring an external contractor to supply goods and services for the project

Assigning your own staff to operate the construction equipment

Creating a schedule for daily bridge construction work

Holding a community meeting to explain the project

You are leading a project to rehabilitate a local park in Taloqan city . Before starting the work, your team meets with local elders, shop owners, and residents to listen to their ideas and concerns. Their feedback helps shape the final design of the park. Which of the following best represents stakeholder engagement ?

Involving local community members in the planning and decision-making

Hiring a construction team to start the work

Creating a schedule for building the park

Listing the materials needed for the park renovation

You are managing a project to launch a small business training program for youth in Kabul . You are responsible for making sure all parts of the project — scope, schedule, cost, quality, and resources — are working together smoothly. You also make key decisions and ensure that changes are properly handled. Which of the following best represents project integration management ?

Making sure all project elements are coordinated and work together

Assigning one person to manage the project budget

Creating a quality checklist for training materials

Sending a daily attendance report to the sponsor

Your team is implementing a healthcare project in Sare-e-Pul. Government health regulations require changes in how patient data is collected and stored. What should the project manager do?

Update the project processes to comply with the new regulations

Continue using the old method until the project ends

Ask the team to ignore the change to save time

Transfer the responsibility to the local staff

Before launching a new women’s entrepreneurship project in Mazar-e-Sharif, your organization recommends reviewing the lessons learned from a similar project done last year in Jalalabad. What should the project manager do?

Review the past project’s lessons learned to avoid repeating mistakes

Start the project immediately to avoid delays

Ignore the lessons learned and rely on the new team

Outsource the review task to a different department

During the early stages of a project, why is it important for a project manager to carefully analyze both Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEFs) and Organizational Process Assets (OPAs)?

To align the project with external conditions and use existing organizational knowledge for better planning

To estimate the cost of resources and finalize the schedule

To create the work breakdown structure and assign codes to tasks

To identify which team members are responsible for each task

A donor-funded NGO can choose between two livelihood projects. Project A supports women-owned businesses and returns $120,000, while Project B builds vocational centers with a projected return of $160,000. The NGO chooses Project A due to social impact. What is the opportunity cost?

No opportunity cost due to non-financial goals

A Kabul-based data center project has a payback period of 5 years, while a mobile banking app in Kandahar has a payback period of 3 years. However, the app depends on delayed telecom infrastructure. Which project should be chosen?

Data center — longer payback, lower dependency

Mobile app — shorter payback period

Wait until telecom rollout completes

Choose both projects simultaneously

Module 1: Project Mgt. Foundations - Slides

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