ELA.10.R.2.3 A FL FAST REVIEW

ELA.10.R.2.3

A FL ELA FAST Review

Analyze an author's choices in establishing and achieving ​purpose(s) in historical American speeches and essays

ELA.R.2.3

Deciphering the Craft: Authorial Choices in Historical American Texts

In the rich tapestry of American literary and rhetorical tradition, historical speeches and essays stand as the pillars of influence and persuasion. Standard ELA.10.R.2.3 beckons 10th-students into the intricate world of rhetorical analysis, focusing on how authors of historical American texts harness the power of rhetoric to establish and achieve their purposes. This standard not only invites students to explore the strategic choices authors make but also to understand the impacts of those choices on their audience.

Multiple Choice

What does ELA.10.R.2.3primarily focus on?

• Analyzing grammatical structures

• Memorizing speeches and essays

• Critiquing the biographies of authors

• Analyzing authors' choices in historical texts

Understanding Author's Purpose

At the heart of any speech or essay is the author's purpose: the reason behind the text. This purpose can be to persuade, inform, motivate, or even commemorate. Understanding an author's purpose requires a look into the context of the text-why was it written, and what was the author hoping to achieve? Historical speeches and essays often aim to inspire action shift public opinion, or articulate core values and principles.

The Tools of Rhetoric: Logos, Ethos, and Pathos

To achieve their purposes, authors employ various rhetorical strategies, chief among them being the appeals of logos, ethos, and pathos. These appeals are not just tools for building arguments; they are the building blocks of effective communication that resonates with the audience.

Ethos (appeal to ethics)

Ethos appeals to the author's credibility, character, and trustworthiness. By establishing authority and ethical standing, authors using ethos persuade the audience of their integrity and moral weight of their message.

Pathos (appeal to emotion)

Pathos seeks to evoke emotions to gain the audience's sympathy or to prompt them into action. Emotional appeals can be incredibly powerful in swaying public sentiment and inspiring change.

LOGOS (appeal to logic)

This appeal involves the use of logical reasoning, facts, data and rational arguments to persuade the audience. Authors using logos aim to convince their audience through clear, logical development of ideas.

Multiple Choice

Which set includes the three rhetorical appeals used by authors?

• Syntax, Diction, Tone

• Metaphor, Simile, Hyperbole

• Humor, Sarcasm, Irony

• Logos, Ethos, Pathos

Multiple Choice

The appeal to logos is designed to engage the audience's:

• Ethics

• Authority

• Logic

• Emotion

Multiple Choice

Ethos aims to establish the author's:

• Expertise and moral standing

• Emotional connection with the audience

• Logical argumentation

• Sense of timing and relevance

Multiple Choice

The purpose of pathos in a text is to:

• Provide statistical evidence

• Elicit an emotional response

• Detail the author's qualifications

• Construct a logical foundation

Multiple Choice

Ethos appeals are intended to convince the audience of the author's:

• moral character and trustworthiness

• emotional depth

• logical reasoning

• attention to detail

Rhetorical Devices: Enhancing the Appeals

Beyond the foundational appeals, authors utilize a range of rhetorical devices to enrich their texts and more effectively reach their audience. These devices - such as metaphors, similes, repetition, and rhetorical questions - add depth, clarity, and emphasis to the appeals, making the message more engaging and memorable.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the previous slide as a rhetorical device that enhances appeals?

• repetition

• exaggeration

• rhetorical questions

• metaphors

Analyzing Authorial Choices

When analyzing historical American speeches and essays, students are encouraged to:
- Identify the primary purpose of the text and the appeals used to achieve this purpose
- Examine how specific rhetorical devices enhance the effectiveness of the logos, ethos, and pathos appeals
- Consider the impact of the author's choices on the audience, both contemporaneous and modern.

Engagement with Historical Context

Understanding the historical context in which these texts were created is crucial. It provides insight into the challenges, sentiments, and aspirations of the time, allowing students to appreciate the significance of the author's choices and the text's relevance.

Conclusion

ELA.10.R.3.1 offers students a profound opportunity to explore the art and craft of rhetoric in historical American speeches and essays. By analyzing the strategic choices authors make to persuade, inform, and inspire, students not only enhance their comprehension of these texts but also gain valuable sills in critical thinking and persuasive communication that transcend the classroom.

Multiple Choice

Understanding the historical context of a speech or essay is crucial because it:

• helps date the document

• clarifies grammatical choices

• reveals insights into the author's life

• explains the motivations and societal impact

Multiple Choice

What skills are developed by analyzing historical speeches and essays?

• basic arithmetic

• persuasive communication and critical thinking

• only creative writing

• foreign language proficiency

Multiple Choice

Why is historical context important in text analysis?

• It simplifies language for modern readers

• it confirms factual accuracy

• it enriches understanding of the text's significance

• it highlights linguistic features

Practice 1

Excerpt from "Self-Reliance" by Ralph Waldo Emmerson

Multiple Choice

Excerpt from "Self-Reliance" by Ralph Waldo Emerson: 

"Whoso would be a man, must be a nonconformist. He who would gather immortal palms must not be hindered by the name of goodness, but must explore if it be goodness. Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind. Absolve you to yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the world." 

What is Emerson's central purpose in this excerpt?

• to encourage strict adherence to societal norms

• to advocate for personal integrity and individualism

• to denounce the concept of personal freedom

• to promote the importance of external validation

Multiple Choice

Excerpt from "Self-Reliance" by Ralph Waldo Emerson: 

"Whoso would be a man, must be a nonconformist. He who would gather immortal palms must not be hindered by the name of goodness, but must explore if it be goodness. Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind. Absolve you to yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the world." 

Which rhetorical appeal does Emerson primarily use in this excerpt?

• ethos

• logos

• pathos

• none of these are used

Multiple Choice

Excerpt from "Self-Reliance" by Ralph Waldo Emerson: 

"Whoso would be a man, must be a nonconformist. He who would gather immortal palms must not be hindered by the name of goodness, but must explore if it be goodness. Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind. Absolve you to yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the world." 

Identify a rhetorical device Emerson uses in this excerpt to enhance his argument.

• Metaphor - Comparing "immortal palms" to achievements or rewards

• Alliteration - Use of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words in "must be a man" and "must be a nonconformist"

• Hyperbole-Exaggeration in the phrase "you shall have the suffrage of the world"

• There are no rhetorical devices used in this excerpt

Multiple Choice

Excerpt from "Self-Reliance" by Ralph Waldo Emerson: 

"Whoso would be a man, must be a nonconformist. He who would gather immortal palms must not be hindered by the name of goodness, but must explore if it be goodness. Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind. Absolve you to yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the world." 

How does the historical context of the trancendentalist movement influence the understanding of this essay's central ideas?

• It highlights the essay's focus on economic policies

• It underscores the importance of individualism and self-reliance in the face of societal pressures

• it diminishes the relevance of Emerson's ideas to modern readers

• It suggests that Emerson's views were widely accepted without controversy at the time

Excerpt from "On Women's Right to Vote" by Susan B Anthony

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Practice 2

Multiple Choice

"Friends and fellow citizens: I stand before you tonight under indictment for the alleged crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote... It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that in thus voting, I not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizen's rights, guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution, beyond the power of any state to deny." 

What is Susan B Anthony's primary purpose in this speech?

• To admit to a crime she committed

• to argue for women's legal right to vote

• to critique the presidential election process

• to announce her candidacy for political office

Multiple Choice

"Friends and fellow citizens: I stand before you tonight under indictment for the alleged crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote... It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that in thus voting, I not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizen's rights, guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution, beyond the power of any state to deny." 

Which rhetorical appeal is most prominent in Anthony's speech?

• ethos

• logos

• pathos

• none of these were prominent in the excerpt

Multiple Choice

"Friends and fellow citizens: I stand before you tonight under indictment for the alleged crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote... It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that in thus voting, I not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizen's rights, guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution, beyond the power of any state to deny." 

Identify a rhetorical device used by Anthony to strengthen her argument.

• anecdote

• alliteration

• analogy

• repetition

Multiple Choice

"Friends and fellow citizens: I stand before you tonight under indictment for the alleged crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote... It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that in thus voting, I not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizen's rights, guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution, beyond the power of any state to deny."

How does Anthony's reference to the National Constitution serve her argument?

• It emphasizes the historical significance

• It provides a logical basis for her claim to the right to vote

• It appeals to the emptions of her audience by invoking patriotism

• It distracts from the legal charges against her

Multiple Choice

"Friends and fellow citizens: I stand before you tonight under indictment for the alleged crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote... It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that in thus voting, I not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizen's rights, guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution, beyond the power of any state to deny."

What impact does Antony aim to have on her audience with this speech?

• Encourage compliance with existing laws

• Inspire action and support for women's suffrage

• Dissuade women from attempting to vote

• Promote a new constitutional amendment