System, Surroundings, and the Universe

Match

Match each line segment to its description.

• $$\overline{AB}$$  

• $$\overline{BC}$$  

• $$\overline{CD}$$  

• $$\overline{DE}$$  

• $$\overline{FG}$$  

solid

melting

liquid

boiling

gas

• solid

• melting

• liquid

• boiling

• gas

Multiple Select

The law of conservation of energy is best described as:

(select two that apply)

• The energy of an isolated system is constant.

• The energy of an isolated system increases.

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

• Energy changes into Entropy so that there is always an increase in the universe.

• Energy and matter are connected by the mass squared times the speed of light.

  E = m²c

Multiple Choice

A chemical reaction absorbs heat from its surroundings.

Which statement is most accurate?

• The universe loses energy

• The system loses energy to the surroundings

• The surroundings lose energy to the system

• Energy is created by the reaction

Multiple Choice

When ammonium nitrate dissolves in water, the solution temperature decreases.

Which option correctly identifies the system and surroundings?

• System: the water only; Surroundings: ammonium nitrate

• System: the beaker; Surroundings: the solution

• System: the dissolution process; Surroundings: the air and container

• System: the universe; Surroundings: the solution

Multiple Choice

A chemical reaction occurs in a sealed container and releases heat to the surroundings.

Which statement best explains how this affects the universe?

• The total energy of the universe increases because heat is released

• The surroundings gain energy, but the universe loses energy

• Energy is destroyed as the reaction proceeds

• Energy is transferred within the universe, but total energy remains constant

Multiple Choice

During a combustion reaction, heat is released and warms the nearby air.

Which statement best describes what is happening?

• Energy flows from the surroundings into the system

• Energy flows from the system into the surroundings

• Matter flows from the surroundings into the system

• Matter and energy are destroyed during the reaction

Multiple Choice

Which state of matter has the highest entropy?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Multiple Choice

When a piece of ice melts the entropy _____.

• increases

• decreases

Multiple Choice

How does Entropy change during Photosynthesis:

6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂

• increases

• decreases

Multiple Choice

An inflexible closed system will hold ______ (P or V) constant.

• P

  (Pressure)

• V

  (Volume)

Multiple Choice

Open, closed, or isolated:

A boiling pot of pasta.

• Open

• Closed

• Isolated

Multiple Choice

Open, closed, or isolated:

An inflated car tire outside over 12 hours

• Open

• Closed

• Isolated

Multiple Choice

Open, closed, or isolated:

An inflated car tire that deflates over 12 years

• Open

• Closed

• Isolated

Multiple Choice

Open, closed, or isolated:

An inflated car tire observed for 0.12 seconds.

• Open

• Closed

• Isolated

Multiple Choice

Open, closed, or isolated:

A coffee thermos.

• Open

• Closed

• Isolated

Multiple Choice

Open, closed, or isolated:

A closed bottle of cold soda on a room temperature desk.

• Open

• Closed

• Isolated

Multiple Choice

Open, closed, or isolated:

A closed bottle of cold soda in a cold refrigerator.

• Open

• Closed

• Isolated

Multiple Choice

Open, closed, or isolated:

A pressurized liquid helium Dewar flask.

• Open

• Closed

• Isolated

Multiple Choice

Open, closed, or isolated:

The atmosphere and biosphere.

*Exceptions H₂ and He

• Open

• Closed

• Isolated

Multiple Choice

Open, closed, or isolated:

The geosphere (crust, mantel, core of earth)

• Open

• Closed

• Isolated

Multiple Choice

Open, closed, or isolated:

Volcanos

• Open

• Closed

• Isolated

Multiple Choice

Open, closed, or isolated:

A bomb calorimeter

• Open

• Closed

• Isolated