Chapter 19 part 3

Multiple Choice

What does CRISPR stand for?

• Combined RNA Interfered Splicing Palindromic Reactions

• Combined Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

• Clustered Randomly Interspaced Short Palindromic Reactions

• Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

Multiple Choice

What is the main function of the Cas-9 enzyme in the CRISPR-Cas9 system? (IMPORTANT)

• To bind to the RNA and form a complex

• To act as a pair of 'molecular scissors' to cut DNA

• To repair the DNA after it has been cut

• To identify the specific DNA sequence to be edited

Multiple Choice

What is the role of guide RNA (gRNA) in the CRISPR-Cas9 system? (IMPORTANT)

• To act as a 'molecular glue' for DNA strands

• To locate and attach to a specific sequence in the DNA

• To duplicate the DNA sequence

• To repair the DNA after cutting

Multiple Choice

What makes CRISPR-Cas9 a revolutionary gene editing technique?

• Its role in enhancing the flavor of water

• Its ability to change the color of plants

• Its speed, cost-effectiveness, and precision

• Its use in creating new computer programs

Multiple Choice

What is the primary purpose of gene editing ?

• To create decorative plants

• To increase the size of fruits and vegetables

• To study the history of DNA

• To treat diseases and improve agriculture

Multiple Choice

Which organism's DNA does CRISPR naturally occur in?

• Mammals

• Plants

• Archaea and bacteria

• Viruses

Multiple Choice

What is a unique feature of the CRISPR technique besides editing DNA sequences?

• Creating new elements

• Turning genes on or off without altering their sequence

• Teleporting genes from one organism to another

• Making organisms invisible

Multiple Choice

How does Cas9 identify the target DNA sequence?

Answer choices

• Through direct protein-DNA interaction

• Using a guide RNA

• By recognizing specific protein markers

• Using a DNA repair mechanism

Multiple Choice

What is the natural function of Cas9 in bacteria?

• Defense against DNA viruses and plasmids

• Facilitating bacterial conjugation

• Promoting bacterial mobility

• Enhancing nutrient absorption

Multiple Choice

What is the second step of PCR?

• denaturation

• extension

• annealing

• termination

• splicing

Multiple Choice

What does PCR accomplish?

• determining the sequence of DNA

• develop proteins

• make copies of a DNA section

• make mRNA

Multiple Select

What is PCR used for? (choose all that apply)

• determining biological relationships

• identifying genetic mutations

• diagnosis of genetic diseases

• initiating cell differentiation

Multiple Choice

What is the denaturation step?

• mutating RNA polymerase

• Cooling DNA to allow primers to form

• separating DNA helix in a cold environment

• separating DNA helix with using heat

Multiple Choice

From where does Taq polymerase come?

• Bacteria that live in hydrothermal vents/hot springs.

• Cambodia

• The rain forest

• The CDC

Multiple Choice

What happens in the Denature step of PCR?

• The DNA nucleotides are broken apart.
• The base-pairing rules for DNA are reversed.
• The double-stranded DNA is separated into two single strands of DNA.
• The DNA is returned to its natural setting.

Multiple Choice

At what temperature does the Denature step of PCR occur?

• 95° C

• 50° C

• 72° C

• Any temperature

Multiple Choice

At what temperature does the Anneal step of PCR occur?

• 95° C

• 50° C

• 72° C

• Any temperature

Multiple Choice

At what temperature does the Extension step of PCR occur?

• 95°C

• 50-65°C

• 72°C

• Any temperature

Multiple Choice

What type of bonds hold the two strands of DNA together?

• Hydrogen bonds
• Covalent bonds
• Dipole-Dipole bonds
• Ionic bonds

Multiple Choice

What are the base-pairing rules in DNA?

• A-C, G-T
• A-U, G-C
• A-T, G-C
• A-C, G-U

Multiple Choice

What is the function of DNA Polymerase?

• attach primers to target sequence

• separate the DNA

• attach nucleotides to the target sequence

• separate the fragments according to size

Multiple Choice

Why does PCR require a specific type of polymerase?

• Taq polymerase can withstand the range of temperatures in PCR without denaturing.
• Taq polymerase is the most inexpensive type of polymerase.
• Taq polymerase is the most common type of polymerase.
• A specific type of polymerase is unnecessary.

Multiple Choice

This laboratory procedure is known as

• CLONING

• gel electrophoresis

• chromatography

• use of a dichotomous key

Multiple Choice

In preparation for an electrophoresis procedure, enzymes are added to DNA in order to

• convert the DNA into gel

• cut the DNA into fragments

• change the color of the DNA

• produce longer sections of DNA

Multiple Choice

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments on the basis of which property?

• size

• color

• functions

• chromosomes

Multiple Choice

Based on these results whose blood was found in the blood stain at the crime scene?

• Bob
• Sue
• John
• Lisa

Multiple Choice

Which two bear species are most closely related?

• Bear 1 and Bear 2
• Bear 1 and Bear 3
• Bear 2 and Bear 3
• There’s no way to tell

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?

• helps cut DNA
• count the genes in DNA
• separates DNA based on size
• allows for an exact replicated organism

Multiple Choice

Why do the fragments of DNA in gel electrophoresis travel away from the negative electrode?

• DNA is negatively charged so attracted to the positive end of the unit
• DNA is positively charged to attracted to the negative end of the unit
• the agarose gel in negatively charged
• the agarose gel is positively charged

Multiple Choice

In gel electrophoresis, the largest DNA fragment will appear

• closest to the starting wells
• farthest from the starting wells
• three quarters away from the starting wells
• it depends on how many fragments there are

Multiple Choice

Which is the primary purpose of using restriction enzymes in gel electrophoresis?

• It allows the strands of DNA to be cut into various lengths for testing
• It restricts the number of base pairs that can be tested in a sample
• It makes the testing simpler by moving the strands into the gel faster
• It charges the DNA strands

Multiple Choice

What applications can gel electrophoresis be used for?

• Parental Testing
• Criminal Investigations
• Sequence Endangered Species DNA
• All of the above

Multiple Choice

How are buffers used in Electrophoresis?

• Conduct electricity

• Remove salts

• Add extension energy

• Dissolve excess DNA

Multiple Choice

Which DNA fragment bands move faster and farther in a gel electrophoresis? 

• there is no way to tell 
• the largest ones
• the smallest ones
• none of these

Multiple Choice

STR stand for

• Short Tandem Repeats

• Specific Tandem Repeats

• Section Traceable Repeats

• Short Talindromic Repeats

Multiple Choice

The gene X2T1 is analysed using STRs and electrophoresis. Person A had two peaks of 12 STRs and 10 STRs at the gene. Person B had one peak 19 STRs at the same gene.

Which of the following statements is true?

• Person A is homozygous for the gene

• Person B is heterozygous for the gene

• Person A and B have the same STRs in the same location

• Person B is homozygous for the gene

Multiple Choice

STRs can be used to check similarity as

• they appear in the same locations for different people

• they vary in number for different people

• the number of STRs remain the same

• STRs are unique due to their different length pf base pairs