Photosynthesis part 1

Chloroplast Structure

Chloroplasts, the organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells, exhibit a complex structure tailored for efficient energy capture and conversion.

• Double membrane: Encloses the chloroplast, separating it from the cell cytoplasm.

• Stroma: A fluid-filled matrix surrounding the thylakoids. It's the site of the light-independent stage (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis.

• Thylakoids: Flattened, disc-like sacs arranged in stacks called grana. The membranes of thylakoids contain pigments and electron carriers essential for light-dependent reactions.

• Grana: Stacks of thylakoids, increasing the surface area for light absorption.

Multiple Choice

Which specific structure within the chloroplast is responsible for capturing light energy?

• Stroma membrane

• Thylakoid membrane

• Photosystem matrix

• Chlorophyll layer

Multiple Choice

What is the fluid-filled space inside the chloroplast where the light-dependent reactions take place?

• stroma cavity

• photosystem chamber

• thylakoid lumen

• chlorophyll reservoir

Multiple Choice

What is the significance of the stroma in chloroplasts?

• Location of photosynthesis

• Storage of water

• Production of ATP

• Site of the Calvin cycle

Multiple Choice

In which part of the chloroplast would you find the light absorbing pigment Chlorophyll?

• Inner and Outer membrane

• Lamellae

• Intermembrane Space

• Thylakoid

Multiple Choice

Stacks of Thylakoids are called...

• Inner and Outer membrane

• Lamellae

• Intermembrane Space

• Granum

Multiple Choice

Thylakoids can be connected to each other using...

• Inner and Outer membrane

• Lamellae

• Intermembrane Space

• Granum

Multiple Choice

What is this organelle?

• Ribosome

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Centriole

Multiple Choice

• Inner Membrane
• Outer Membrane
• Thylakoid Membrane
• Frog Skins

Multiple Choice

What are the two products of the light reactions that are needed for the calvin cycle?

• NAD and NADPH
• NADP + and Glucose
• NADPH and ATP
• Oxygen and NADPH

Multiple Choice

Which of the following equations represents the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis?

• 6O₂+ 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6O₂

• C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6H₂O→ 6O₂+ 6O₂

• 6CO₂+ 6H₂O→ C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6O₂

• 6O₂ + 6H₂O→ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6CO₂

Multiple Choice

What happens to the O₂ created in the light phase?

• Is transferred to the Calvin Cycle
• Donates its electrons to the Chlorophyll molecules
• Provides a carbon to form the unstable 6-carbon molecule
• Diffuses out through the stoma

Multiple Choice

Water is split during

• photophosphorylation

• photolysis

• calvin cycle
• cell respiration

Multiple Choice

Temperatures that are too high can slow photosynthesis because

• stomata stay open

• enzymes are ruined

• there is not enough CO2

• there is too much water

Multiple Choice

The light reactions of photosynthesis provides the Calvin cycle with...

• protons and electrons.

• ATP and NADPH

• CO2 and glucose.

• light and chlorophyll.

Multiple Choice

The Calvin cycle is another name for the...

• light-independent reactions.

• light-dependent reactions.

• photosynthesis reaction.

• electron transport chain.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following activities happens within the stroma?

• Photosystem I absorbs light.

• ATP synthase produces ATP.

• Electrons move through the electron transport chain.

• The Calvin cycle produces sugars.

Multiple Choice

What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?

• ATP, NADPH, and oxygen gas

• ATP, carbon dioxide gas, and NADPH

• carbon dioxide gas, oxygen gas, and NADPH

• oxygen gas and glucose

Multiple Choice

Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?

• in the stroma of the chloroplast

• within the thylakoid membranes

• within the mitochondria membranes

• in the outer membrane of the chloroplasts

Multiple Choice

The graph shows the absorption spectra of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. What can be concluded from the graph?

• A. Both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b absorb a large amount of green light

• B. Chlorophyll b absorbs red light more efficiently than blue light

• C. Other pigments must absorb light between blue and red in the spectrum

• D. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b have different absorption peaks

Multiple Choice

What prevents plants from converting carbon dioxide into glucose in the dark?

• A. They do not have a source of energy.

• B. It is too cold.

• C. They do not require glucose during the night.

• D. Their enzymes are inhibited.

Multiple Choice

Absorption spectra of two photosynthetic pigments are shown. Phycoerythrin is a red pigment found in many marine red algae, while chlorophyll a is the major pigment in green plants and algae. What do the absorption spectra show about the pigments?

• A.  Phycoerythrin absorbs mostly red light.

• B.  Chlorophyll a reflects more green light than phycoerythrin.

• C.  Chlorophyll a photosynthesizes more at 550 nm than phycoerythrin.

• D.  Phycoerythrin does not absorb blue light.

Multiple Choice

The graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a green plant varies with CO₂ concentration at two different light intensities. The temperature is kept constant at 20 °C. What is the limiting factor at X?

• A. Chlorophyll

• B. Light intensity

• C. Temperature

• D. CO₂ concentration

Multiple Choice

According to this absorption spectrum, what color is not used by the chlorophyll pigments?

• green
• blue
• yellow
• red

Multiple Select

The rate of photosynthesis can be influenced by...

• Temperature

• Carbon dioxide levels

• Light intensity

• Oxygen concentration

Multiple Choice

What is photosynthesis?

• The process in which humans eat their food
• When a photographer takes a photo.
• To get your pictures from the photo lab.
• The process in which plants make their food.

Multiple Choice

Leaves look green because.....

• they eat their vegetables
• to blend into their environment
• they contain a molecule named chlorophyll
• they are sick

Multiple Choice

Which statement about photosynthesis is correct?

• Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis from water.
• Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis from soil.
• Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis from sunlight.
• Plants do not require energy to perform photosynthesis.

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of photosynthesis?

• make glucose
• make ATP
• make light
• release carbon dioxide

Multiple Choice

Most plants appear green because chlorophyll

• absorbs green light.
• absorbs violet light.
• reflects green light.
• does not absorb violet light.

Multiple Choice

Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?

• hydrogen
• oxygen
• nitrogen
• carbon dioxide

Multiple Choice

Light energy is used to 

• split water into H and O
• weld C, H and O together
• make water

Multiple Choice

Protons move into the thylakoid due to the

• concentration gradient in the stroma
•   Brownian motion of the protons.
•   peer pressure of the cool electrons in the stroma.  
• movement of electrons through the electron transport chain

Multiple Select

Select all that are products of Photosynthesis.

• Water

• Carbon Dioxide

• Oxygen

• Sunlight (Light Energy)

• Glucose (Sugar/food)

• In summary, the chloroplast's structure, with its compartmentalization of functions, is optimized for photosynthesis. 

• The thylakoids, equipped with pigments, harness light energy to produce ATP and NADPH. 

• These energy-rich molecules fuel the Calvin cycle in the stroma, resulting in the synthesis of organic compounds.

Energy Transfer and Organic Molecule Synthesis