AP Gov Final Review 2025

Multiple Choice

Which of the following rights is protected by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

• The right to bear arms

• The right to a fair trial

• Freedom of speech

• Protection against self-incrimination

Multiple Choice

Which amendment protects against double jeopardy and compelled self-incrimination?

• 5th Amendment

• 6th Amendment

• 8th Amendment

• 14th Amendment

Fill in the Blank

Fill in the blank: The Supreme Court uses the process of selective ___ to make parts of the Bill of Rights apply to the states.

Multiple Choice

Which Supreme Court case established that race-based school segregation violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment?

• Brown v. Board of Education

• Engel v. Vitale

• Schenck v. United States

• McDonald v. Chicago

Multiple Choice

Which pair of Supreme Court cases expanded civil rights and liberties using the 14th Amendment due process clause?

• Roe v. Wade and Gideon v. Wainwright

• McDonald v. Chicago and Marbury v. Madison

• New York Times v. United States and McCulloch v. Maryland

• Schenck v. United States and Engel v. Vitale

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was a direct effect of Title IX?

• More women in college admissions

• Abolition of slavery

• Federal oversight of state election laws

• Prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment

Multiple Choice

A state government places security cameras facing a popular site of protest in a public square in front of its statehouse. This scenario illustrates

• the impact of globalization on voter attitudes

• the free rider problem of organizing a civil rights protest

• how political attitudes shift in the United States

• the balance between protecting liberty and maintaining order

Multiple Choice

What level of judicial scrutiny will be applied in cases about racial discrimination?

• Intermediate Scrutiny

• Rational Basis

• Strict Scrutiny

• Exclusionary Rule

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a key effect of affirmative action policies in college admissions and employment?

• More women, people of color, and people with disabilities in college and workforce

• Increased government spending on social programs

• Expansion of free enterprise in the economy

• Promotion of traditional values such as heterosexual marriage

Multiple Select

Which of the following are considered core American values?

• Individualism

• Limited Government

• Equality of Opportunity

• State-Controlled Economy

Fill in the Blank

Keynesian Economics supports government spending to promote economic ___ .

Multiple Choice

Which of the following public policies is best supported by the notion of free enterprise?

• Taxpayers funding a high speed rail service

• Congress passing legislation bailing out the automobile industry

• After a review, the Federal Trade Commission approving a corporate merger of cable providers

• The government subsidizing the cost of milk

Multiple Choice

Which political ideology supports government intervention to address social and economic inequality and expand civil rights?

• Liberal

• Conservative

• Libertarian

• Authoritarian

Categorize

Options (12)

younger

older

urban

college-educated

union member

minority

female

rural

white

male

high school educated

religious

Organize these options into the right categories

More likely to vote Liberal/Democrat

More likely to vote Conservative/GOP

Match

Match the following parts of a valid, scientific poll

• random sample

• stratified sample

• question wording

• margin of error

anyone has equal chance of being polled

sample mirrors demographics of public

clear, unbiased, non-leading words

< 3% is okay

• anyone has equal chance of being polled

• sample mirrors demographics of public

• clear, unbiased, non-leading words

• < 3% is okay

Multiple Choice

Which type of poll is used to assess the public’s views of issues and policies?

• Opinion poll

• Tracking poll

• Exit poll

• Delegate poll

Multiple Choice

Which amendments prohibit denying the right to vote based on race, sex, inability to pay a poll tax, or age over 18?

• 15th, 19th, 24th, and 26th Amendments

• 1st, 5th, 14th, and 21st Amendments

• 13th, 17th, 20th, and 25th Amendments

• 10th, 12th, 18th, and 22nd Amendments

Match

Match the amendment with what voting rights it protects

• 15

• 19

• 24

• 26

race & previous servitude

sex

poll tax

age >18

• race & previous servitude

• sex

• poll tax

• age >18

Multiple Choice

A political science professor is researching the effects that the Fifteenth and Twenty-Sixth Amendments have had on the American political system.

The professor is most likely trying to study the expansion of ...

• right to equal protection under the law

• voting rights

• due process rights

• federal authority over the states

Multiple Select

Which of the following are factors that increase the likelihood of voting?

• Older age

• College education

• Upper-middle class status

• Latino ethnicity

Multiple Choice

Which of the following scenarios explains how demographic factors affect voter participation in elections?

• Wealthier individuals are more likely to become involved in campaigns because they believe that their actions may influence the candidates.

• Individuals who belong to marginalized groups are likely to participate in elections because their issues are often highlighted by political party leaders.

• Political action committees (PACs) raise money from their donors, which they use to run television advertisements during campaigns.

• Gerrymandered districts are likely to produce competitive districts, which leads to lower turnout rates in elections.

Multiple Choice

An emerging third party is struggling to get congressional candidates elected to office. Which part of the American political system is most related to this challenge?

• free rider problem

• candidate-centered campaigns

• voter identification laws

• single member districts

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a factor for the success of an interest group?

• Size of membership

• Financial resources

• Voter mobilization strategy

• Judicial appointments

Categorize

Options (8)

increase welfare spending

reduce student debt

universal healthcare

abortion access

lower taxes

religious rights

"traditional famiy values"

business interests

Organize these options into the right categories

Democratic Party

Republican Party

Multiple Choice

Which of the following exemplifies the free-rider problem for interest groups?

• A supporter of the Second Amendment joins the National Rifle Association (NRA)

• A bird enthusiast contributes to the Sierra Club to receive a birdwatching guide

• A teacher who does not join the union still receives a salary negotiated by the union

• An elderly woman who joins the AARP receives a discount card

Multiple Select

Which of the following is NOT a mutually beneficial exchange that occurs within an iron triangle?

• Interest group provides information and electoral support to congressmen

• Congressional committee provides favorable legislation for interest group

• Bureaucratic agency provides unfavorable administration of law for interest group

• Congressional committee provides funding and legislative support for bureaucratic agency

Fill in the Blank

The process of frequent reporting on polls about the popularity of candidates is known as ___-race coverage.

Multiple Choice

Microtargeting can be very powerful for political parties if they can...

• command greater loyalty to the party platform

• attract a large audience to the national convention

• develop a unified message that appeals to a majority of Americans

• collect and manage large databases of info about groups of voters

Multiple Choice

What is one major criticism of the electoral college system in presidential elections?

• It supports the principle of federalism

• It focuses on swing states, making some votes more influential than others

• It ensures every state has equal representation

• It prevents outdated practices

Fill in the Blank

Candidate-centered campaigns have reduced the power of _____ in candidate selection and platform articulation.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was a result of the Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. FEC (2010)?

• Political spending by corporations, associations, or labor unions was limited by the government.

• SuperPACs were banned from participating in elections.

• Spending on independent expenditures cannot be limited, enabling the creation of SuperPACs.

• BCRA’s donor disclosure rule was struck down as unconstitutional.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following explains how Federalist No. 10 relates to the decision in Citizens United v. FEC (2010)?

• Both saw factions as destructive to liberty

• Both called for a limited approach to gov regulation

• Federalist 10

  supports free speech, whereas

  Citizens United

  opposes free speech

• In

  Federalist 10, Madison opted for stricter regulation of factions, whereas in Citizens United, petitioners argued that regulation was a violation of civil rights