Lab 4 Study Guide

Lab 4 Study Guide

By Kyla Cymone

Match

Match the following word roots to their definitions.

• Nucleus

• Before

• Cell

• Same

• Final

Karyo- (as in karyotype)

Pro- (as in prophase)

Cyto- (as in cytokinesis)

Homo- (as in homologous)

Telo- (as in telophase)

• Karyo- (as in karyotype)

• Pro- (as in prophase)

• Cyto- (as in cytokinesis)

• Homo- (as in homologous)

• Telo- (as in telophase)

Fill in the Blanks

What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?

Categorize

Options (12)

ATCG

AUCG

Double stranded

Single stranded

Nucleus & mitochondria

Nucleus & cytoplasm

Stores genetic material

Does protein synthesis

Only 1 variation

3 variations

Self replicating

Requires a template to synthesize

Compare DNA to RNA.

DNA

RNA

Dropdown

a.        There are ​

Select answer

bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs in a DNA molecule.

b.       There are ​

Select answer

bonds between sugar and phosphate group in a DNA molecule, together, they make up the sugar-phosphate backbone.

c.        When cells are not dividing DNA is only visible as ​

Select answer

. However, during cell division, DNA condenses into ​

Select answer

.

Dropdown

d.       When a chromosome is in its “X” format it is ​

Select answer

. When a chromosome is in its “|” format, it is ​

Select answer

.

e.        Replicated chromosomes are held together by a ​

Select answer

, at the ​

Select answer

.

f.          A ​

Select answer

is a segment of DNA that creates a specific protein.

Multiple Choice

True or false: The term chromatid only applies when the chromosome is in its replicated, “X”, form.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

True or false: Both the “X” and “|” format of a chromosome are considered to be only 1 chromosome, regardless of if it is replicated or not.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

True or false: Homologous pairs of chromosomes are identical.

• True

• False

Labeling

Label the parts of the chromosomes.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Centriole

Kinetochore

Unreplicated Homologous Chromosome

Sister Chromatids

Centromere

Replicated Homologous Chromosome

Match

Match the phases of mitosis to what it looks like in the cell below.

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

• Interphase

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Categorize

Options (16)

Nuclear membrane breaks down

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes

Centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell

Spindle fibers from the centrioles attach to centromeres

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart

Number of chromosomes doubles

Cleavage furrow forms

Cell plate forms

Chromosomes clump into two new nuclei

Nuclear membrane reforms

Chromosomes turn back into chromatin

Organize the events that occur in each phase.

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Labeling

Identify the type of DNA found in each image.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Chromatin

Replicated Chromosome

Unreplicated Chromosome

Labeling

Identify the stage of mitosis each form of DNA first appears.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Interphase

Metaphase

Karyokinesis

Cytokinesis

Anaphase

Telophase

Prophase

Open Ended

What is the purpose of mitosis? The brain is considered to by amitotic. Why do you think that is?

Categorize

Options (9)

Cell plate

Centrioles

Cleavage furrow

Nuclear membrane

Spindle fibers

Karyokinesis

Cytokinesis

Centrosome

Cell wall

Organize whether each term relates to animal cell or plant cell mitosis.

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Both

Multiple Choice

In a normal human cell, how many chromosomes are found in anaphase?

• 46

• 23

• 92

• 0

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

In a normal human cell, how many chromatids are found in anaphase?

• 46

• 23

• 92

• None of the above

• 0

Categorize

Options (5)

Occurs during anaphase of mitosis

Occurs after mitosis has occured

Occurs during interphase

The nucleus splits

The cell splits

Compare karyokinesis to cytokinesis.

Karyokinesis

Cytokinesis

Neither

Reorder

Reorder how the number of chromosome changes throughout the cell cycle.

• 0 chromosomes; all chromatin

• 46 replicated chromosomes

• 92 replicated chromosomes

• 0 chromosomes; returns to chromatin

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Reorder

Reorder how the number of chromatids changes throughout the cell cycle.

• 0 chromatids & 0 chromosomes; all chromatin

• 92 chromatids

• 0 chromatids

• 0 chromosomes & 0 chromatids; returns to chromatin

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Hotspot

Identify 3 interphase cells.

Hotspot

Identify 4 prophase cells.

Hotspot

Identify 2 metaphase cells.

Hotspot

Identify 1 anaphase cell.

Hotspot

Identify 1 telophase cell.

Hotspot

Identify the telophase cell in the image.

Hotspot

Identify the interphase cell in the image.

Walk through DNA replication with your SI leader.

Match

Match the enzymes and strands involved in DNA replication to their function.

• Enzyme that adds base pairs to the newly unzipped DNA

• Enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA to unzip the strand

• Enzyme that links together the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

• Strand that is synthesized towards the replication fork (area where DNA is opening)

• Strand that is synthesized away from the replication fork (area where DNA is opening); contains Okazaki fragments

DNA Polymerase

Helicase

DNA Ligase

Leading Strand

Lagging Strand

• DNA Polymerase

• Helicase

• DNA Ligase

• Leading Strand

• Lagging Strand

Reorder

Reorder the steps of DNA replication.

• Helicase unzips DNA at the replication fork.

• DNA polymerase adds corresponding base pairs either strands.

• DNA ligase links the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

Categorize

Options (6)

Involved in DNA replication

Involved in protein synthesis

Adds DNA base pairs to template strand

Adds RNA base pairs to template strand

Helps synthesize mRNA

Helps synthesize a complementary DNA strand

Compare DNA polymerase to RNA polymerase.

DNA Polymerase

RNA Polymerase

Categorize

Options (11)

messenger RNA

transfer RNA

synthesized directly from a DNA strand in the nucleus

ribosomal RNA

molecule that contains base pairs that correspond with mRNA bases

contains an amino acid

Strand of RNA used as a template to be read by ribosomes

Used as a template to create a ribosome

Contains the codon

Contains the anticodon

Organize the features of each type of RNA.

mRNA

tRNA

rRNA

Reorder

Reorder the steps of protein synthesis.

• DNA

• Transcription via mRNA

• Translation via tRNA

• Protein

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Labeling

Label the features of protein synthesis.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Polypeptide chain

Amino Acid

Anticodon

Translation

Codon

DNA

tRNA

Transcription

mRNA

Ribosome

Answer the next 3 questions using the following DNA sequence:
TAC CTT AAG GCT ATC

Fill in the Blanks

What is the codon created by the DNA strand below?

TAC CTT AAG GCT ATC

Fill in the Blanks

What is the anticodon created by the DNA strand below?

TAC CTT AAG GCT ATC

Fill in the Blanks

What is the amino acid sequence created by the DNA strand below?

TAC CTT AAG GCT ATC

Dropdown

Codon is to ​

Select answer

as anticodon is to ​

Select answer

.

Match

Match the purpose of using each of the following substances in the DNA isolation lab.

• Breaks the membrane of the cells so that the DNA is accessible

• Breaks down the proteins in the sample that DNA is wrapped around

• Dye used to stain DNA to make it visible

• Ionize the DNA, allowing it to become trapped between the salt solution and alcohol

• Help create a nonpolar interphase for the DNA to be trapped within to isolate it

Lysis Buffer

Protease

Methylene Blue

NaCl

Ethanol Alcohol

• Lysis Buffer

• Protease

• Methylene Blue

• NaCl

• Ethanol Alcohol

Fill in the Blanks

What is the function of a centrifuge?

Labeling

Label the parts of the centrifuge tube.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Supernatant

Pellet

Drag and Drop

In this lab, ​

Placeholder

was/were contained in the supernatant and ​

Placeholder

was/were contained in the pellet.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

DNA

other cellular components