7.1.1-Describing & Classifying Matter

What is Matter?

What is Matter?

Key Concept: Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter can be described in terms of its volume, mass, and weight.

​

​Understanding what matter is and how units are used to describe matter can help you understand the structure of the physical world.

Important to know this:  All things on Earth are made up of around 100 atoms, which are organized on the Periodic Table. 

https://images.app.goo.gl/mAs5kjDCXKARDvPn7 

Matter has mass and takes up space

States or phases of matter

Solid: ice or frozen water

Liquid: water

Gas: clouds

Plasma: high energy particles like lightning

Make some observations about substances and matter 

• Texture: how does the substance feel when you touch it?

• How does it look: shiny like metal or not shiny like clay?

• Does it make a sound if you tap on it?

• Is it wet like water, or wet like dish soap?

• How heavy is it?

• Do you think it will float in water?

• If it is edible, then how does it taste?

If I had a special saw

• If I keep cutting the wood into smaller pieces 

• Eventually I will start cutting the invisible atoms

• Just because the particles are invisible to us does not mean they aren't there

• The particles that wood is made from will still be there

• Natural or manufactured things are all made up of tiny invisible particles

Multiple Choice

Voulme is defined as....

• the  amount  of  matter  that  an object has

• the  amount  of  space  that  an object takes up

• solid, liquid and gas

Air is made of tiny invisible particles 

Oklahoma wind blowing the leaves of a tree is evidence that those invisible particles exist. Why do those particles not evaporate, dissolve, or rot?

Multiple Choice

What does "cubic" mean?

• having one dimension

• having two dimensions

• having three dimensions

The Components of Matter

Poll

Which picture do you think of when you hear the word 'atom'?

Poll

What do you think the overall charge of the NUCLEUS will be?

• +1

• 0

• -1

The nucleus

the nucleus will have an overall charge of +1 because protons are positive and neutrons are neutral

Multiple Choice

Which is a compound?

• Carbon

• $$CO_2$$

• Salad

• Iron

Multiple Select

Quarks are the building blocks for which 2 particles?

• protons

• neutrons

• electrons

Multiple Choice

What charge do electrons have?

• +1

• 0

• -1

Multiple Choice

If the electrons are the only particles in the electron cloud, what will the overall charge of the electron cloud be?

• +1

• 0

• -1

Electron Cloud

• if the electrons are the only particles found in the electron cloud, the cloud will have an overall charge of -1

• 
  

Overall Charge of the ATOM

• Remember: the charge of the NUCLEUS is going to be POSITIVE because of the PROTONS

• Remember: the charge of the ELECTRON CLOUD is going to be NEGATIVE because of the ELECTRONS

• a positive plus a negative equals....

Multiple Choice

What is the overall charge of an ATOM?

• +1

• 0

• -1

Match

Match the subatomic particle with the correct charge.

• positive

• negative

• neutral

proton

electron

neutron

• proton

• electron

• neutron

Review: Differentiating Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures (TEKS 8.5A Review)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an element?

• Water

• Iron

• Carbon Dioxide

• Salt

​Introduction to Matter

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter is made up of atoms and molecules.

Multiple Choice

What are the two main components that make up all matter?

• Atoms and Cells

• Molecules and Compounds

• Atoms and Molecules

• Elements and Mixtures

Elements are pure substances consisting of only one type of atom.

​Elements

Multiple Choice

True or False: An element is a pure substance that can be broken down into simpler substances.

• True

• False

Compounds are pure substances made of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded.

​Compounds

​This is a water molecule. It is made of 2 Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen atom which are bonded together. H₂O

Multiple Choice

Which is a compound?

• Carbon

• $$CO_2$$

• Salad

• Iron

Labelling

Label the pictures

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

atom

molecule

mixture

Labelling

Label the pictures

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

mixture

compound

element

​Mixtures

Mixtures are physical combinations of two or more substances.

​Hetero = different

​Homo = same

Match

Match the following mixtures to their type:

• Air

• Trail Mix

• Ice Cream

• Salad

• Saltwater

Homogenous

Heterogeneous

Homogeneous

Heterogenous

Homogenous

• Homogenous

• Heterogeneous

• Homogeneous

• Heterogenous

• Homogenous

Homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition throughout.

​​Homogeneous Mixtures

Match

Label the following as Homogeneous or Heterogeneous: Milk, Salad, Vinegar, Trail Mix

Heterogeneous

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

Homogeneous

• Heterogeneous

• Homogeneous

• Heterogeneous

• Homogeneous

Heterogeneous mixtures have a non-uniform composition, with visibly distinct components.

​Heterogeneous Mixtures

Open Ended

Explain why a salad is considered a heterogeneous mixture.

Categorize

Options (4)

Match the following

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

Multiple Choice

Saltwater is classified as:

• Element

• Compound

• Homogeneous Mixture

• Heterogeneous Mixture

​Review and Summary

Open Ended

What is the key difference between an element and a compound? Provide an example of each.

Open Ended

Classify the substance: Iron (Fe). Is it an element, compound, or mixture? Justify your answer.

Matter

• Everything you can see and touch is made of matter.

• The only things that aren’t matter are forms of energy, such as light and sound.

• Matter is defined as anything that has mass and volume.

Mass

• Is the amount of matter in a substance or object.

•  SI units for mass are the kilogram, but for smaller masses grams are often used instead.

Mass vs Weight

• The more matter an object contains, generally the more it weighs. However, weight is not the same thing as mass.

• Weight is a measure of the force of gravity pulling on an object.

• SI unit for weight is the newton (N). The common English unit is the pound (lb).

Volume

• The amount of space matter takes up is its volume.

• How the volume of matter is measured depends on its state.

• 
  

Multiple Choice

All Matter Has?

• Density

• Mass and Volume

• Weight and Volume

• Elasticity and Density

Multiple Choice

Everything except_____ is matter.

• Light

• Sound

• Energy

• Air

Multiple Choice

If a person is measured at 150 pounds on a scale that is a measure of their _____.

• Mass

• Weight

• Density

• Forcr

Physical Properties

•  Physical properties of matter are properties that can be measured or observed without matter changing to a different substance.

• Other physical properties include hardness, freezing and boiling points, the ability to dissolve in other substances, and the ability to conduct heat or electricity.

Chemical Properties

• Some properties of matter can be measured or observed only when matter undergoes a change to become an entirely different substance.

• They include flammability and reactivity.

Flammability

• Flammability is the ability of matter to burn.

• Wood is flammable; iron is not. When wood burns, it changes to ashes, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases. After burning, it is no longer wood.

Reactivity

• Reactivity is the ability of matter to combine chemically with other substances. 

• For example, iron is highly reactive with oxygen. When it combines with oxygen, it forms the reddish powder called rust.

•  Rust is not iron but an entirely different substance that consists of both iron and oxygen.

Chemical Properties of Matter

Density

• It reflects how closely packed the particles of matter are.

• Density is calculated from the amount of mass in a given volume of matter, using the formula:

  Density (D)=Mass (M)

  Volume (V)

• 
  

What is Matter?

• Anything made of particles. 

• It has mass and volume (takes up space).

• Matter can be in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas.

Multiple Choice

What is matter?

• Everything

• Nothing

• Nothing you can see

• Just liquids

Physical Properties

• Can be observed with one or more of your 5 senses.

• Can be observed without changing what the object is made of.

• 
  

Color

How an object absorbs and reflects light.

Multiple Choice

Physical Properties

• Can't be observed unless you change what they are made of.

• Can only be observed under a microscope

• describe the appearance of something.

• Can only be done in science.

Ductility

The ability of a substance to be made into a wire

Multiple Choice

What are the 3 forms of matter?

• solid, liquid, soil

• solid, liquid, gas

• Earth, Wind, Fire

• Fire, Water, Soil

Texture

• How a substance looks and feels

• Coarse = rough

• Fine = smooth

• Other words to describe texture: soft, hard bumpy

Temperature

The measure of kinetic energy.

When the particles of heated up, they move quicker and temperature rises.

When the particles are cooled down, they move slower and the temperature decreases.

Multiple Choice

What is texture?

• How something looks

• How something tastes.

• The sound something makes

• How something feels

Volume

• The amount of space an object takes up.

• Measured in cubic centimeters

Mass

How much matter is in an object

Measured in g or kg.

Multiple Choice

What does volume measure?

• mass

• the size of something

• how much space something takes up.

• the speed something goes

Density

• The ratio of mass to volume.

• Measures how packed the particles are in matter.

Size

How big something is

Multiple Choice

What does density measure?

• Nothing

• How much volume something has

• how packed particles are in a substance.

• the temperature of an object.

Luster

• How way an object reflects light.

• How shiny it is

• Words that describe luster: shiny, metallic, dull, pearly, glassy

Malleability

The ability to be hammered flat and keep its shape.

Multiple Choice

If I observe an object and describe it as shiny and metallic, I am describing

• luster

• ductility

• texture

• malleability

Multiple Choice

A scientist has two containers. Inside each container is a blue liquid. The liquids are substances. What can the scientist do to help find out whether these two liquids are both the same substance?

• Measure the density of the two liquids and compare the densities.

• Weigh each liquid and compare the weights.

• Measure the volume of each liquid and compare the volumes.

• Measure the temperature of each liquid and compare the temperatures.

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following is a substance?

(Scientific Principle #2)

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following cereals is NOT a mixture?

(Scientific Principle #3)

Multiple Choice

Soda contains a large amount of sugar. Why can't it be seen in the liquid?

(Scientific Principle #4)

• The sugar has a chemical reaction with the soda.

• The sugar dissolves in the soda.

• The sugar is taken out of the soda.

• The sugar was invisible before it was added to the soda.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a substance?

• Kool-aid

• Chocolate milk

• Water

• Coffee

Multiple Choice

What are properties?

• Characteristics that are specific to a certain substance
• Things that help distinguish one substance from another
• Remain the same regardless of sample size
• all of these

Multiple Choice

Mass is a property.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Odor is a property.

• True

• False