Specialisation

Open Ended

How does the size of a neuron help it perform its specialized function in the body?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a reason why cell size may differ between different types of cells?

• To allow cells to move through capillaries

• To help cells signal over long distances

• To provide cell contents

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What happens to the surface area to volume ratio (SA:Vol) as a cell grows larger?

• It increases

• It stays the same

• It decreases

• It fluctuates randomly

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about the surface area to volume ratio (SA:Vol) are correct?

• A higher SA:Vol ratio allows for more efficient material exchange.

• Microvilli can increase the SA:Vol ratio of a cell.

• Cells with a low SA:Vol ratio are more efficient at exchanging materials.

• Dividing a large volume into smaller units increases the total surface area.

Open Ended

Explain how being multicellular helps organisms overcome the limitations imposed by the surface area to volume ratio.

Multiple Choice

What causes identical stem cells to become specialized into different cell types?

• Random mutations

• Selective expression of certain genes

• Environmental temperature

• Cell size

Open Ended

Describe two key properties of stem cells and explain why supplies of stem cells are typically limited in multicellular organisms.

Multiple Select

Which of the following tissues can multipotent stem cells give rise to, according to the diagram?

• Cardiac Tissue

• Nervous Tissue

• Respiratory Tissue

• Skin

Multiple Choice

Which type of stem cell can form any cell type and develop into new organisms?

• Totipotent

• Pluripotent

• Multipotent

• Unipotent

Open Ended

Explain how the three germ layers formed by pluripotent stem cells contribute to the development of different organs and tissues in the body.

Multiple Choice

What is one advantage of using adult stem cells in therapy?

• Lower chance of graft rejection

• Can treat a wider range of conditions

• Easier to extract

• No ethical concerns

Open Ended

Discuss the challenges and considerations involved in using stem cell therapy for treating diseases such as Parkinson's or heart attacks.

Open Ended

Reflecting on what you learned about cell specialization and cell sizes, what is one question you still have or something you would like to know more about?

Multiple Choice

How does the size of a cell relate to its specialized function?

• Larger cells always have more specialized functions

• Cell size is unrelated to specialization

• Cell size may differ according to their specialized function

• All cells are the same size regardless of function

Multiple Choice

Which of the following topics is directly related to the control of differentiation by selective gene expression in cells?

• Epigenetics (AHL)

• Cell Division

• Reproductive System (AHL)

• Plant Signalling (AHL)