Untitled Lesson77777

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a method for assessing water and electrolyte balance in the body?

• Body weight measurement

• Urine colour observation

• Osmolarity testing

• Blood pressure monitoring

Open Ended

Why is maintaining water and electrolyte balance important for athletes and individuals who exercise regularly?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

• Acts as a solvent for nutrients and waste products

• Provides lubrication for joints and muscles

• Serves as the main source of energy for cells

• Helps regulate body temperature through evaporation

Open Ended

Explain why the percentage of water in the human body can vary between individuals.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of extracellular fluids?

• Blood plasma

• Intracellular fluid

• Lymph

• Saliva

Fill in the Blanks

In a 70 kg person, the total body water is approximately

liters.

Multiple Choice

What proportion of body fluid is found inside cells?

• One-third

• Two-thirds

• One-fourth

• Three-fourths

Multiple Choice

Which ion is found in higher concentration in the intracellular fluid (ICF) compared to the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

• Sodium (Na+)

• Potassium (K+)

• Calcium (Ca2+)

• Chloride (Cl-)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the largest contributor to daily water loss in the human body?

• Sweat

• Urine

• Breathing

• Faeces

Multiple Select

Which of the following are routes through which the body loses water?

• Evaporation from skin

• Excretion from kidneys

• Absorption in the stomach

• Evaporation from the respiratory tract

Fill in the Blanks

The main hormone released from the pituitary gland to regulate water balance is

Open Ended

Explain how the hypothalamus and ADH work together to regulate water balance in the body.

Multiple Choice

Which part of the nephron is permeable to water but not electrolytes?

• Ascending limb

• Descending loop

• Collecting duct

• Bowman's capsule

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about the nephron are correct?

• The collecting duct is involved in water reabsorption.

• The ascending limb is impermeable to water.

• The descending loop absorbs sodium chloride actively.

• The glomerulus filters blood.

Open Ended

List 3 reasons why it is important to monitor athlete hydration status.

Open Ended

What are the assumptions in the simple approach used to estimate total water loss from sweating in the athlete's training session?

Multiple Select

Which of the following factors determine the amount of sweat production in athletes?

• Environmental temperature

• Body fat percentage

• Humidity

• Metabolic rate

Fill in the Blanks

During exercise, water moves from the plasma to the

and intracellular spaces.

Multiple Choice

Which statement best explains why supplementation with sports drinks is recommended during exercise?

• They provide electrolytes to replace those lost in sweat.

• They increase muscle mass.

• They reduce body temperature.

• They decrease metabolic rate.

Open Ended

Define hyponatremia and hypernatremia.

Open Ended

What is cardiovascular drift and what physiological changes occur in the body during prolonged aerobic exercise in a hot environment?

Fill in the Blanks

During cardiovascular drift, stroke volume gradually

.

Multiple Select

Select all the physiological responses that contribute to cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise.

• Increase in core temperature

• Increase in blood flow to the skin

• Decrease in blood volume due to sweating

• Increase in stroke volume

Multiple Choice

Which of the following changes occur during cardiovascular drift?

• Increase in heart rate and decrease in stroke volume

• Decrease in heart rate and increase in blood volume

• Increase in arterial blood pressure and decrease in cardiac output

• Decrease in core temperature and increase in stroke volume

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a method for assessing water and electrolyte balance as mentioned in the learning outcomes?

• Body weight

• Urine colour

• Blood pressure

• Osmolarity

Open Ended

Reflecting on today's lesson about water and electrolyte balance, what is one key concept you learned that you think is important for athletes or individuals who exercise regularly?