FInal Exam Study Guide

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a common symptom of asthma?

• Eupnea

• Coughing

• Hiccups

• Rash

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an environmental trigger for asthma attacks?

• Dust mites

• Perfumes

• Vaccines

• Pet dander

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about managing asthma are correct?

• There is currently no cure for asthma.

• Bronchodilators can reverse asthma symptoms.

• Corticosteroids are used for long-term control.

• Antibiotics are the primary treatment for asthma.

Fill in the Blank

The majority of pneumonia cases are caused by the bacterium ___ pneumoniae.

Open Ended

Explain how vaccination can help prevent pneumonia and describe what treatments are available if someone contracts the disease.

Multiple Choice

What is the main symptom that makes walking up stairs difficult for people with COPD?

• Chest pain

• Shortness of breath

• Fever

• Sneezing

Multiple Choice

What is the primary lung change that occurs in emphysema?

• Increase in alveoli number

• Breakdown of connective tissue and loss of alveoli elasticity

• Thickening of bronchial walls

• Accumulation of fluid in alveoli

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the major cause of COPD?

• Smoking tobacco and vaping

• Genetics

• Air pollution

• Inhaled bronchodilators

Multiple Select

Which of the following are common symptoms of lung cancer?

• Coughing up blood

• Wheezing

• Shortness of breath

• Weight gain

Fill in the Blank

Cigarette smoke contains many carcinogens, which are chemicals that cause ____ .

Open Ended

Explain why lung cancer is often diagnosed at a late stage.

Multiple Choice

What is the primary physiological cause of sleep apnea?

• Blockage of airflow during sleep

• Overproduction of carbon dioxide

• Excessive oxygen in the blood

• Muscle contraction in the throat

Multiple Select

Which of the following factors increase the risk of developing sleep apnea?

• Being overweight

• Smoking tobacco

• Diabetes

• High calcium intake

Open Ended

Describe the challenges patients may face with long-term CPAP use for sleep apnea.

Multiple Choice

What is the main function of a CPAP machine in the treatment of sleep apnea?

• To deliver medication to the lungs

• To keep the airway open by means of pressurized air during sleep

• To monitor heart rate during sleep

• To reduce mucus production in the airways

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a treatment option for sleep apnea mentioned in the slide?

• Avoiding alcohol, quitting smoking, or losing weight

• Using an oral device to shift the lower jaw forward

• Using CPAP (Constant Positive Air Pressure)

• Taking antibiotics

Open Ended

What is the difference between how COPD and pneumonia affect the alveoli?

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about chronic bronchitis is/are correct?

• It is marked by excess mucus production in the airways.

• It produces a chronic cough that brings up mucus.

• There is no cure, but treatments can ease symptoms.

• It is caused by a bacterial infection.

Fill in the Blank

Chronic bronchitis is a respiratory disease marked by excess ___ production in the airways.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the process of respiration?

• The movement of oxygen from the outside air into the body and carbon dioxide from the body to the outside air

• The movement of blood from the heart to the lungs

• The process of digesting food in the stomach

• The exchange of nutrients between the intestines and blood

Open Ended

Explain the difference between respiration by the respiratory system and cellular respiration.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about ventilation and gas exchange is/are correct?

• Ventilation is the physical process of moving air to and from the lungs.

• Gas exchange involves the biochemical process of oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion.

• All organs of the respiratory system are involved in gas exchange.

• Only the lungs are involved in gas exchange.

Multiple Choice

Which muscle is most important for enabling breathing by separating the thorax from the abdomen?

• Diaphragm

• Intercostal muscle

• Trachea

• Pharynx

Open Ended

Describe the path inhaled air takes as it enters the body and reaches the lungs.

Multiple Choice

The larynx is found between the:

• trachea and bronchi

• bronchi and bronchioles

• pharynx and trachea

• nasal and oral cavities

Open Ended

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Multiple Choice

The rings of the trachea are composed of:

• bone

• muscle

• cartilage

• connective tissue

Open Ended

How many lobes of the lungs are on each side, and why is there a difference in number?

Fill in the Blank

The alveoli are surrounded by _____ which diffuse gases across their membranes.

Open Ended

Which side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood?

Multiple Choice

Mucus moved upwards from the action of the mucociliary escalator is then

• swallowed

• digested

• vomited

• expectorated

Multiple Choice

When there is too much CO2 in the blood, the blood becomes more:

• acidic

• basic

• neutral

Multiple Choice

Faster breathing ____ the CO2 level.

• lowers

• raises

• maintains

Open Ended

What is one difference between asthma and COPD?

Multiple Choice

When the diaphragm contracts, it moves:

• minimally

• upwards

• downwards

• sideways

Multiple Choice

The thoracic cavity ____ in volume during inspiration.

• increases

• decreases

Multiple Choice

Exhalation is a _____ process.

• passive

• active

Multiple Select

The respiratory centers of the brain are found in the: (multiple answers)

• medulla

• cerebrum

• pons

• cerebellum

Multiple Choice

Hyperventilation causes the blood pH to be more:

• acidic

• basic

• neutral

Open Ended

Why is nasal breathing superior to mouth breathing?

Open Ended

What is the difference in sounds between crackles and wheezes?

Open Ended

Explain what happens to our respiratory rate as we age.

Open Ended

What is the role of surfactant in the alveoli during respiration and gas exchange?

Multiple Choice

The pulmonary veins carry ____ blood from the ____.

• oxygenated ... left ventricle

• deoxygenated ... right ventricle

• oxygenated ... lungs

• deoxygenated ... lungs

Open Ended

Why is it important that the capillaries are only one cell thick?

Open Ended

Explain why there needs to be a greater concentration of oxygen outside the body in order to perform inhalation.

Multiple Select

Which of the following is TRUE?

• Oxygen moves from the tissues into the capillaries

• Oxygen moves from the capillaries into the tissues

• Carbon dioxide moves from the tissues into the capillaries

• Carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries into the tissues

Open Ended

What is the difference between hypoxia and hypercapnia?

Multiple Select

What does tachypnea do for the body? (multiple answers)

• Brings in more CO2

• Brings in more O2

• Reduces the amount of O2

• Reduces the amount of CO2