Properties and Classification of Matter

​Properties of Matter

What is matter?

How do we classify matter?

Essential Question

I can develop a model to distinguish an element, compound, and mixtures.

Clear Target

Learning Goals

Vocabulary Terms

Matter
Physical Change
Chemical Change
Pure Substance
Mixture
Heterogenous
Homogeneous
Extrinsic Property
Intrinsic Property

Anything that has mass and takes up space!

​

What is matter?

These properties are the features of a substance which DO NOT relate to their reaction with other substances.
Metals are shiny, strong, and bendable. These properties do not relate to how they would react with other substances, but are ways to describe the metals.

​Physical Properties

Physical Properties of Matter

Extensive properties: A property of a substance that depends on the amount of the substance. Examples: mass, volume, and length

Intensive properties: A property of a substance that is independent of the amount of the substance.
Examples: color, temperature, luster, hardiness

2 Types of Physical Properties Properties

What are physical properties?

Boiling Point

​The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas.

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.
Most solids have a high melting point, above 300 °C.

Melting Point

Solid, liquid, or gas. Nearly all metals are solids.

States of Matter

Mass per unit volume (grams/milliliter)
Most metals are dense, except aluminum and magnesium, which are light.

Density

Most metals are silvery white, copper is orange, and gold is yellow.

Color

Physical Properties of Matter

The ability to withstand pressure.
Most are strong, except for lead.

Strength

Shininess - the ability to reflect light
All metals are shiny when freshly cut.

Luster

Physical Properties of Matter

Can be stretched without breaking.
All metals can be stretched without breaking.

Ductillity

Can be re-worked or reshaped without breaking.
Metals can be reshaped easily.

Malleability

Physical
Properties of Matter

Allow heat energy and electrical current to pass through.
All metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.

Thermal and Electrical Conductivity

Physical Properties of Matter

Multiple Choice

The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.

• melting point

• boiling point

• tipping point

• point of origin

Multiple Select

Which of the following are intensive properties? Select all that apply.

• color

• luster

• mass

• length

• hardiness

Multiple Select

Which of the following choices are extensive properties? Select all that apply.

• mass

• volume

• temperature

• length

Physical Changes

What is a physical change?

• A change in the state of the substance

• A substance is cut, ground, mixed, blended, or torn.

• NO NEW SUBSTANCE IS MADE as a result of a physical change.

1. No chemical bonds are broken.

2. No new substances are formed.

3. Only the state and physical properties of a substance are changed.

4. The change can be reversed.

Properties of Physical Changes

Examples of Physical Changes

Physical changes occur when:

• A change in the state of the substance.

• A substance is cut, ground, mixed, blended, or torn. (No new substance was created. It is the same chemical composition just a different shape.)

• One substance is separated from a mixture using distillation, evaporation, chromatography, and filtration.

Chemical Changes

Chemical changes are those in which a new substance is formed.
These changes involve chemical bonds in substances breaking and new ones forming.
Another name for a chemical changes is a chemical reaction.
The ingredients of a chemical reaction are called reactants; the new substances that are formed are called the products.

What is a chemical change?

1. New substances are formed, original substances are broken down.

2. Chemical changes are irreversible.

3. Chemical changes lead to changes in color, temperature, and smell of the substance.

4. Chemical changes may lead to light and sound production. release of gases and heat.

​

Properties of Chemical Change

Multiple Choice

View the image. Is this a physical or chemical change?

• physical

• chemical

Multiple Choice

View the image. Is this a physical or chemical change?

• physical

• chemical

Multiple Choice

View the image. Is this a physical or chemical change?

• physical

• chemical

Multiple Choice

View the image. Is this a physical or chemical change?

• physical

• chemical

Multiple Choice

View the image. Is this a physical or chemical change?

• physical

• chemical

Multiple Choice

View the image. Is this a physical or chemical change?

• physical

• chemical

Multiple Choice

View the image. Is this a physical or chemical change?

• physical

• chemical

Classifications of Matter

How do we classify matter?

Pure Substances

• Contains only one type of chemical or substance.

• A fixed composition that cannot be separated by physical means.

• Combination of elements in fixed ratios

• Also known as molecules

• Example: Water (H₂O)

Compound

• Simplest form of matter that cannot be broken down with physical or chemical means

• Also called atoms

• Example: Oxygen (O)

Element

Types of Pure Substances

Mixtures

• two or more substances mixed together that are not chemically combined.

• They can be physically separated.

• Consists of visibly difference substances or phases

• Ex: cereal in milk, vegetable soup, pizza, trail mix, soil

Heterogenous

• Has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout

• Ex: ocean, air, sugar water, vinegar, steel, liquid laundry detergent

Homogenous

Types of Mixtures

• The mixture may take on new physical properties like color, melting point, and boiling point.

• When the substances in a mixture are combined, no new substances are formed.

• the parts of the mixtures retain their original chemical properties.

Properties of Mixtures

Multiple Choice

Mixture or compound? Salad Dressing

• mixture

• compound

Multiple Select

What are the two types of pure substances?

• compound

• element

• atom

• solution

Multiple Choice

Italian salad dressing can be described as ...

• pure substance

• compound

• heterogenous mixture

• homogenous mixture

Multiple Select

Table salt can be described as ...

• pure substance

• compound

• heterogenous mixture

• homogenous mixture

Multiple Choice

Liquid dishwashing detergent can be described as ...

• pure substance

• mixture

Multiple Choice

Liquid dishwashing detergent can be described as ...

• heterogenous mixture

• homogenous mixture

Multiple Select

Gravel can be described as ...

• Mixture

• Compound

• Heterogenous mixture

• Homogenous mixture

Multiple Choice

Copper is a .....

• Element

• Compound

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

Sugar is a .....

• Element

• Compound

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

Rocks are a .....

• Element

• Compound

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

Pure water is a ....

• Element

• Compound

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

Salad is a ....

• Element

• Compound

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

Diamond is a ....

• Element

• Compound

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

Iced tea is a ....

• Element

• Compound

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

A piece of aluminum is a ....

• Element

• Compound

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

Salt is a ....

• Element

• Compound

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

A handful of jelly beans is a ...

• Element

• Compound

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

A glass of lemonade is a ...

• Element

• Compound

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

Neon gas is a ...

• Element

• Compound

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

A handful of sand is a ...

• Element

• Compound

• Mixture