Micro - History of Micro

​History of Microbiology

By Anita Walther

Multiple Choice

The theory of spontaneous generation says that:

• only the strong survive

• life comes from non-life

• microorganisms evolve

• germs cause disease

Multiple Choice

Robert Hooke’s and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek’s microscopes were not powerful enough to observe:

• a) Roundworms.

• b) Escherichia coli bacteria.

• c) Viruses.

• d) Yeast cells.

Multiple Choice

Known as the Father of Microbiology due to his work with "animacules" found on his own teeth is:

• Jonas Salk

• Robert Koch

• Ignaz Semmelweiss

• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Multiple Choice

What was one of Louis Pasteur's achievements?

• Developed vaccinations for anthrax and rabies

• Monitored the cholera outbreak in London during the 1850s

• Developed a process to kill bacteria in wine

• Discovered microscopic organisms called "animalcules"

Multiple Choice

What significant contribution did Robert Hooke make in the late 1600s?

• He described many common bacteria and protists.

• He built the first compound microscope and coined the term "cell."

• He developed the first rabies vaccination.

• He formulated Koch's Postulates.

Multiple Choice

What is one of Louis Pasteur's achievements?

• Developed a treatment for smallpox

• Discovered that human disease is caused by germs (micro-organisms)

• Studied a cholera outbreak in London during the 1850s

• Studied diabetes in rats

Multiple Choice

Louis Pasteur also showed that micro-organisms ('germs') did not _____________ generate.

• swimmingly
• sadly
• spontaneously
• specifically

Multiple Choice

He formulated a set of postulates or standards to identify organisms that cause infectious diseases - 1843-1910

• Edward Jenner

• Robert Koch

• William Farr

• James Lind

Multiple Choice

How does Pasteurization work?

• Kill germs through heating

• Kill germs through germicidal spray

• Kill germs through vaccination

• Kill germs through fermentation

Multiple Choice

The purpose of heating milk to 165 F is

• to let the good bacteria grow

• to make the product thicker

• to destroy bacteria present in the milk

• to break down the proteins

Multiple Choice

Which scientist used handwashing techniques at his hospital and began decreasing the death rate among delivering mothers?

• Lazzaro Spallanzani

• John Needham

• Joseph Lister

• Ignaz Simmelweis

Multiple Choice

Which of the following terms refers to life coming from other living things?

• Abiogenesis
• Biogenesis
• Spontaneous generation
• Endosymbiosis

Multiple Choice

Which scientist created the very first vaccine to fight against smallpox?

• John Snow

• John Needham

• Edward Jenner

• Louis Pasteur

Multiple Choice

Pasteur proved the spontaneous generation theory wrong and also demonstrated microorganisms are everywhere.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Who is known as the father of microbiology?

• Lazzaro Spallanzani

• Ignaz Simmelweis

• Antonie van Leewenhoek

• Francesco Redi

Multiple Choice

Greek "Father of Medicine" who believed diseases had natural causes; modern doctors take an oath named after him

• Herodotus
• Hippocrates
• Homer
• Hipparchus

Multiple Choice

This scientist developed the first microscope

• Redi
• Leeuwenhoek
• Needham
• Spallanzani

Multiple Choice

People used to believe that flies, worms, bacteria and other organisms came from what type of substances?

• beer
• socks
• rotten food

Multiple Choice

Who looked at cork and called the structures seen cells?

• Robert Hooke
• Van Leeuwenhoek
• Robert Brown
• Francesco Redi

Multiple Choice

Who was the "scientist" who observed pond water and teeth scrapings in his microscope?

• Hooke
• Leeuwenhoek
• Schleidian
• Virchow

Multiple Choice

What did Pastuer hypothesise (guess) about the micro organisms he found in beer

• They were the product of decay
• They were the cause of decay

Multiple Choice

What did Germ Theory NOT state?

• Air is full of microbes

• Microbes cause decay
• All microbes are the same everywhere

• Microbes can be killed by heating

Multiple Choice

Who discovered the importance of hand washing?

• Ignaz Semmelweis
• Louis Pasteur
• Robert Koch
• Paul Ehrlich

Multiple Choice

__________ postulates are rules that help scientists determine the cause of disease.

• SCID
• Koch's
• Koko's
• Myelin

Multiple Choice

Why is Edward Jenner's contribution to medicine considered controversial?

• He developed the first rabies vaccination.

• He used questionable ethics by inoculating a child to test the vaccine.

• He formulated Koch's Postulates.

• He coined the term "cell."

Multiple Choice

What was a key contribution of Louis Pasteur in the late 1800s?

• He built the first compound microscope.

• He developed the first rabies vaccination and disproved Spontaneous Generation.

• He described many common bacteria and protists.

• He coined the term "cell."

Multiple Choice

What is Robert Koch best known for in the field of microbiology?

• Developing the first vaccine.

• Building the first compound microscope.

• Formulating Koch's Postulates for identifying the causative agent of a disease.

• Disproving Spontaneous Generation.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is true about the Germ Theory of Disease?

• It was developed solely by Robert Hooke.

• It was a collaborative development by Pasteur and Koch.

• It was disproved by Louis Pasteur.

• It was first proposed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

Multiple Choice

In what time period did both Pasteur and Koch make their significant contributions?

• Late 1600s

• Early 1700s

• Late 1800s

• Early 1900s

Multiple Choice

What was a major difference between the microscopes built by Hooke and Leeuwenhoek?

• Hooke's microscope was a simple lens, while Leeuwenhoek's was compound.

• Leeuwenhoek's microscope was a simple lens, while Hooke's was compound.

• Both microscopes were identical in design.

• Neither Hooke nor Leeuwenhoek built a microscope.

Multiple Choice

What is one of Louis Pasteur's achievements?

• Developed a treatment for smallpox
• Discovered that human disease is caused by germs (micro-organisms)
• Studied a cholera outbreak in London during the 1850s
• Studied diabetes in rats

Multiple Choice

Dr John Snow was famous for investigating a __________ outbreak in London during the 1950s.

• smallpox
• cowpox
• chickenpox
• cholera

Multiple Choice

___________ Theory suggested that diseases were caused by 'bad air'.

• Gaseous

• Malignant

• Miasma

• Monkey

Multiple Choice

Which sentence best summarizes the point of view about doctors and scientists in the mid-1800s?

• They were very similar to modern doctors and scientists.

• They introduced many exciting and new ideas.

• They could not help their patients

• They knew very little about bacteria.

Multiple Choice

Who is known as the father of Epidemiology?

• Dr. Meredith Gray

• Dr. John Snow

• Albert Einstein

• Dr. Jonas Salk

Multiple Choice

The source of the 1854 outbreak of Cholera in London was determined to be...

• contaminated beer from the brewery

• a bad crop of lettuce

• a cloud of bad air over the town

• a contaminated water pump

Multiple Choice

He recognized the bacterial cause of anthrax and developed a vaccine for it -1880s

• Louis Pasteur

• Edward Jenner

• James Lind

• Robert Koch

Multiple Choice

He formulated a set of postulates or standards to identify organisms that cause infectious diseases - 1843-1910

• Edward Jenner

• Robert Koch

• William Farr

• James Lind

Multiple Choice

Why do we use yeast to bake bread? 

• Their waste gas - CO2 helps bread rise
• The alcohol that they form makes bread fluffy

• They consume all the oxygen which would ruin the bread if left

Multiple Choice

In pasteurization, what is applied to kill microorganisms?

• water

• oxygen

• heat

• sunlight

Multiple Choice

Known for his work with the maternity ward patients. They had babies, which he delivered, but they and the mothers got very sick from childbed fever.

• Edward Jenner

• Ignaz Semmelweiss

• Robert Koch

• Jonas Salk

Multiple Choice

This scientist is known for the first vaccine created in a laboratory and is known for pasteurization and proving that germs cause disease.

• Alexander Fleming
• Albert Einstein
• Louis Pasteur
• Joseph Lister

Multiple Choice

This scientist is best known for his Nobel Prize-winning discovery of the antibiotic penicillin in 1928.

• Alexander Fleming
• Albert Einstein
• Louis Pasteur
• Joseph Lister

Multiple Choice

Which scientist came back from a vacation and found that a bluish-green mold had killed bacteria?

• Alexander Fleming
• Albert Einstein
• Louis Pasteur
• Joseph Lister

Multiple Choice

Robert Koch began his work with the Germ Theory of Disease with what agent

• cholera

• syphilis

• anthrax

• Tuberculosis

Multiple Choice

In Microbiology John Snow is known for what?

• Joining the Night's Watch
• Determining the cause of cholera transmission
• Disproving spontaneous generation
• Discovering penicillin

Multiple Choice

Louis Pasteur created a vaccine for...

• polio

• diabetes

• rabies

Multiple Choice

Found that we can use antiseptic types of materials to clean instruments. We still use products named after this person today.

• Jonas Salk

• Joseph Lister

• Robert Koch

• Florence Nightingale

Multiple Choice

His "postulates" disproved the thought of spontaneous generation. He experimented with fruit flies in jars first.

• Robert Koch

• Joseph Lister

• Edward Jenner

• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Multiple Choice

Which early microbiologist was most responsible for developing standard microbiology laboratory techniques?

• Louis Pasteur
• Robert Koch
• Carl von Linne
• John Tyndall

Multiple Choice

Who developed a vaccine for smallpox in 1796?

• Gregory Mendel

• William Harvey

• William Roentgen

• Edward Jenner

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT part of Koch’s postulates?

• the microorganisms is never found in healthy animals

• the microorganisms is always found in diseased animals

• the microorganism must secrete a toxin in pure culture

• the microorganism must cause disease in healthy animals

Multiple Choice

Who is the "Father of Antibiotics"

• Alexander Fleming

• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

• Edward Jenner

• Francesco Redi

• Ignaz Semmelweis

Multiple Choice

Who is the "Father of Antiseptics"

• Ignaz Semmelweis

• John Snow

• Joseph Lister

• Louis Pasteur

• Robert Koch

Multiple Choice

Which disease did we first vaccinate for?

• Anthrax

• Chicken Cholera

• Rabies

• Tuberculosis

• Smallpox

Multiple Choice

Which scientist designed a special flask that allowed air in but kept microbes out and once and for all disproved spontaneous generation?

• Redi
• Needham
• Spallanzani
• Pasteur

Multiple Choice

Using germ theory what did Pasteur determine?

• Bacteria caused the souring of wine, beer, and milk

• You should wash your hands for 20 seconds

• All bacteria is bad for you

• Fermentation will kill all bacteria

Multiple Choice

Louis Pasteur created a process of heating food to kill germs that was called...

• sanitation

• chemistry

• germ theory

• pasteurization

Multiple Choice

The origin of sterilizing wounds and surgical instruments came from this scientist.

• Alexander Fleming
• Albert Einstein
• Louis Pasteur
• Joseph Lister

Multiple Choice

John Snow is best know for what based on his work with cholera

• Father of Microbiology

• Father of Bateriology

• Father of Epidemiology

• Father of Immunology

Multiple Choice

Who developed a vaccine for smallpox in 1796?

• Gregory Mendel

• William Harvey

• William Roentgen

• Edward Jenner

Multiple Choice

Began using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery. 

• Louis Pasteur
• Robert Koch
• Joseph Lister
• Jonas Salk

Multiple Choice

This person invented the microscope in 1666.

• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

• Albert Sabin

• Clara Barton

• Benjamin Franklin

Multiple Select

In Ancient times, what was thought to be the cause of illness/diseases? (Pick 2 choices)

• Miasmas

• Germs

• Predators

• Evil spirits

Multiple Choice

Who was the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery?

• Ernst von Bergmann
• Joseph Lister
• Paul Ehrlich
• Gerhard Domagk

Multiple Choice

Who discovered the importance of hand washing?

• Joseph Lister

• Ignaz Semmelweis

• Louis Pasteur

• Robert Koch

Multiple Choice

Who discovered that microorganisms cause disease?

• Louis Pasteur
• Ernst von Bergmann
• Paul Erhlich
• Ivanoski

Multiple Choice

When discussing spontaneous generation and biogenesis, it is important to remember that

• Spontaneous generation was widely accepted until about 150 years ago.

• Biogenesis was an accepted concept in ancient Greece and first proposed by Aristotle.

• These two terms can be used synonymously.

• All of the above.

Multiple Choice

Penicillin is derived from:

• A bacterium

• A mold

• A mushroom

• A yeast

Multiple Choice

The event that triggered the development and establishment of microbiology as a science is the

• Vaccinations

• The Germ Theory of Disease

• Spontaneous Generation Theory

• Development of Microscope

Multiple Choice

The primary use of Koch’s postulates is to

• isolate microorganisms from diseased animals

• develop vaccine for specific diseases

• clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism

• demonstrate that a disease is caused by a microorganism

Multiple Choice

Who is the "Father of Microbiology"

• Alexander Fleming

• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

• Edward Jenner

• Francesco Redi

• Ignaz Semmelweis

Multiple Choice

Who is the "Father of Medical Microbiology"

• Ignaz Semmelweis

• John Snow

• Joseph Lister

• Louis Pasteur

• Robert Koch

Multiple Choice

Who is the "Father of Immunology"

• Alexander Fleming

• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

• Edward Jenner

• Francesco Redi

• Ignaz Semmelweis

Multiple Choice

Who is the "Father of Epidemiology"

• Ignaz Semmelweis

• John Snow

• Joseph Lister

• Louis Pasteur

• Robert Koch

Multiple Choice

Pasteur is responsible for all of the following discoveries except

• Fermentation

• Germ theory of disease

• Postulates of disease

• Pasteurization

Multiple Choice

Which disease did we first vaccinate for?

• Anthrax

• Chicken Cholera

• Rabies

• Tuberculosis

• Smallpox

Multiple Choice

What does the scientific debate about abiogenesis vs. biogenesis tell us about the process of science?

• Science is composed of theories based on personal beliefs

• Science is simply the collection of facts about nature over time

• Science is the process of refining ideas through vigorous debate and the challenging of old ideas with new data collection

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Which microbe changed history by being the first to be used as a biological weapon?

• Malaria

• Phytophthora infestans (potato blight)

• Smallpox

• Yersinia pestis (bubonic plague)

Multiple Choice

Which microbe changed history by causing a massive immigration into the United States?

• Malaria

• Phytophthora infestans (potato blight)

• Smallpox

• Yersinia pestis

Multiple Choice

Founder of modern nursing.

• Benjamin Franklin
• Sir Alexander Fleming
• Clara Barton
• Florence Nightengale

Multiple Choice

This scientist noticed death rates higher in maternity wards staffed by medical students than in those attended by midwives contributing to Germ Theory.

• Jonas Salk

• Robert Koch

• Semmelweiss

• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Multiple Choice

This scientist believed death following childbirth (puerperal fever) was often caused by the material on hands of midwives or attending physicians contributing to Germ Theory.

• Robert Koch

• Holmes

• Semmelweis

• John Snow

Multiple Choice

This scientist in the late 1700s, made small incisions or punctures with cowpox material in arms of human subjects in order to prevent smallpox. he contributed to the distribution of the first vaccine.

• Joseph Lister

• Gerhard Domagk

• Louis Pasteur

• Edward Jenner

Multiple Choice

This scientist discovered that some bacteria existed in two forms:

1. heat-stable form (endospore)

2. heat-sensitive form (vegetative cell)

So bacteria need prolonged or intermittent heating to destroy the heat-stable endospores.

His research resulted in a method of sterilizing liquid by heating it to boiling point o

• Joseph Lister

• Gerhard Domagk

• John Tyndall

• John Snow

Multiple Choice

This scientist developed a technique, the Gram stain, that is still widely used today.

It is a differential stain that involves the application of a series of dyes.

Leaves some microbes purple and others pink.

Microbes that stain purple, Gram-positive, and those that stain pink, Gram-negative

• Hans Christian Gram

• Holmes

• Semmelweis

• John Snow

Multiple Choice

This scientist experimented with carbolic acid which was used for deodorizing sewage. He tried spraying instruments, surgical incisions, wounds and dressings with solution. It markedly reduced the incidence of gangrene. As germ theory became more widely accepted, this best prevented bacteria from getting into wounds in the first place. This led to the rise of sterile surgery.

• Joseph Lister

• Gerhard Domagk

• Robert Koch

• John Snow

Multiple Choice

This scientist is a German chemist, who discovered that the dye Prontosil was effective against a wide range of bacteria. The sulfanilamide portion of the Prontosil molecule is responsible for its antibacterial effect. It inhibits essential enzyme activity in effected bacteria leading to the discovery of sulfa drugs.

• Joseph Lister

• Gerhard Domagk

• Robert Koch

• John Snow

Multiple Choice

Who discovered Penicillin?

• Alexander Fleming

• Gerhard Domagk

• Robert Koch

• John Needham

Multiple Choice

Who discovered Sulfa drugs?

• Alexander Fleming

• Paul Erlich

• Joseph Lister

• Gerhard Domagk

Multiple Choice

Who is known as the Father of Microbiology?

• Lazzaro Spallanzani

• Anton van Leewenhoek

• Louis Pasteur

• Oliver Wendell Holmes

Multiple Choice

Which scientist is known as the Father of Vaccinology and Immunology?

• Linus Pauling

• Louis Pasteur

• Edward Jenner

• Ignaz Semmelweis

Multiple Choice

What does the Germ Theory of Disease state?

• that life comes from non-life

• that we all have normal flora

• that microorganisms (pathogens) cause disease

• that germs are not harmful

Multiple Choice

Which scientist, a German physician and microbiologist, is known as the Founder of Modern Biology?

• Edward Jenner

• Robert Koch

• Lazzaro Spallanzani

• Francesco Redi

Multiple Choice

The world's second vaccine that was developed was against:

• Smallpox

• Ebola Virus

• Rabies

• Flu

Multiple Choice

The philosopher that introduced the theory of spontaneous generation was:

• Hippocrates

• Aristotle

• Karen Cluck

• Anton van Leewenhoek