AP Bio Chapter 5

Multiple Choice

Polymers are made of monomer subunits that are joined by what type of bonds?

• ionic bonds

• covalent bonds

• hydrogen bonds

• hydrophobic bonds

Multiple Choice

A polysaccharide your are studying contains unbranched β glucose molecules and cannot be digested by humans. Which polysaccharide are you studying?

• cellulose

• DNA

• chitin

• starch

• glycogen

Multiple Choice

Which polysaccharide has the greatest number of branches?

• cellulose

• chitin

• amylose

• amylopectin

• glycogen

Multiple Choice

Lipids cannot be considered polymers because

• they contain polar covalent bonds.

• their structure includes carbon rings.

• they can be artificially created.

• their monomers are connected via ionic bonds.

• they are not composed of monomer subunits.

Multiple Choice

The chemcial bonds present in a molecule contribute to the properties of the molecule. Carbon is an unusual atom in that it can form multiple bonds. Which statement is not true?

• A carbon-to-carbon cis bond is the type found in nature and is associated with cardiovascular health.

• A carbon-to-carbon trans double bond that is made artificially in food processing is associated with poor cardiovascular health.

• A carbon-to-carbon double bond in the cis configuration creates a bend in the hydrocarbon chain.

• Saturated fats are those that have carbon-to-carbon double bonds and are associated with good health.

Multiple Choice

If you wanted to extract the heaviest component of a membrane, you would need a protocol to extract

• sterols.

• phospholipids.

• glycerol.

• fatty acids.

• none of the above.

Multiple Choice

All lipids

• are made from glycerol and fatty acids.

• contain nitrogen.

• have low energy content.

• are acidic when mixed with water.

• do not dissolve well in water.

Multiple Choice

If you substituted alanine for glycine in a protein, how much change to the protein's structure would you expect?

• little change, since these are both hydrophobic amino acids

• much change, since one has a large side chain and the other a small side chain

• some change, since one contains S and the other does not

• little change, since amino acid identity doesn't have much effect on protein function

Multiple Choice

Sickle-cell disease is caused by a mutation in hemoglobin that changes a charged amino acid to a hydrophobic amino acid. Where in the protein would you expect to find this charged amino acid?

• on the exterior surface of the protein.

• in the interior of the protein, away from water.

• at the active site, binding oxygen.

• at the heme-binding site.

Multiple Choice

How does RNA differ from DNA?

• DNA encodes hereditary information; RNA does not.

• DNA forms duplexes; RNA does not.

• DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

Scan along the aligned sequences, letter by letter, noting any positions that vary from species to species. How many amino acids differ between the monkey and the human sequences?

• 2

• 6

• 8

• 10

Multiple Choice

How many amino acids differ between the gibbon and the human sequences?

• 1

• 2

• 6

• 8

Multiple Choice

What percent of monkey β-globin amino acids are identical to the human sequence? (This is called the percent identity between the monkey and human β-globin sequences. Note: 146 amino acids total.)

• 5.48%

• 94.5%

• 95.9%

• 98.6%

Multiple Choice

From the β-globin alignment, identify the best hypothesis relating humans to monkeys and gibbons.

• Monkeys are more closely related to humans than gibbons are because monkeys' β-globin sequence has the lower percent identity with humans.

• Both monkeys and gibbons are equally unrelated to humans because neither monkeys nor gibbons have the same exact same β-globin sequence as humans.

• Both monkeys and gibbons are equally related to humans because they both have less than a 10% difference in β-globin sequence with humans.

• Gibbons are more closely related to humans than monkeys are because the gibbon β-globin sequence is a closer match with the human sequence.

Multiple Choice

If you wanted to design a new industrial catalyst based on something biological, which molecule would you use?

• fatty acid

• lipid

• DNA

• protein

• chitin

Multiple Choice

If you heat a cell to a moderately higher temperature than it is normally used to, which molecule will stop working first?

• RNA

• DNA

• protein

• lipid

• carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

In which pair does the first molecule determine the structure of the second?

• DNA, protein

• RNA, carbohydrate

• Lipid, DNA

• DNA, RNA

• both DNA, protein and DNA, RNA

Multiple Choice

If you were designing a cell to store a large amount of energy, which molecule(s) would you pack into it?

• protein

• lipid

• carbohydrate

• proteins and carbohydrates

• lipids and carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

If you wanted to make a computer that would hold information, basing it on a biological molecule, which molecule would be the best choice?

• DNA

• carbohydrate

• lipid

• saccharide

• glycerol

Multiple Choice

Which is a function of a molecule that is a protein?

• helps make up membranes

• carries the code for translation from the nucleus to the ribosome

• binds to hormones (hormone receptor)

• can be a hormone

• speeds chemical reactions