Topic 2 BIO110 Chemistry of life & Biomolecules Openstax

Multiple Choice

The smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties is called an ___.

• atom
• cell

• organelle

• molecule

Multiple Choice

Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an element?

• Proton

• Neutron

• Electron

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

Which subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

• Protons and neutrons

• Electrons and protons

• Neutrons and electrons

• Only protons

Multiple Select

Which of the following contributes to the mass number of an element

• protons

• neutrons

• electrons

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

• Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

• Isotopes have different numbers of protons and neutrons.

• Isotopes have the same number of neutrons but different numbers of electrons.

• Isotopes have the same number of electrons but different numbers of protons.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes what the rows (periods) and columns (groups) represent in the periodic table?

• Rows represent electron shells; columns represent valence electrons.

• Rows represent valence electrons; columns represent electron shells.

• Rows represent atomic mass; columns represent atomic number.

• Rows represent atomic number; columns represent atomic mass.

Show the Periodic Table Trick

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about electron shells and stability are correct?

• Atoms are most stable when their outer shell is full.

• The first shell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

• Most atoms are stable with 8 electrons in their outer shell.

• Hydrogen and Helium need 8 electrons to be stable.

Multiple Choice

A covalent bond involves the ___ of electrons between atoms.

• sharing
• transfer

• gain

• loss

Multiple Choice

What is the main difference between polar covalent and nonpolar covalent bonds?

• Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, while nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing.

• Polar covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while nonpolar covalent bonds involve sharing.

• Polar covalent bonds are weaker than nonpolar covalent bonds.

• Polar covalent bonds only occur in metals, while nonpolar covalent bonds occur in nonmetals.

Multiple Select

Although hydrogen bonding is not a true chemical bond, it is important for:

• Water properties

• Holding together a singular water molecule

• DNA's shape

• Protein folding

Multiple Choice

The movement of water in plants from roots to leaves is called ___.

• capillary action

• cohesion

• evaporation

• condensation

Multiple Choice

What does a low pH value (less than 7) indicate about a solution?

• It is basic and has low hydrogen ion concentration

• It is acidic and has high hydrogen ion concentration

• It is neutral and has equal hydrogen and hydroxide ions

• It is neither acidic nor basic

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is found in pasta and bread?

• Lipid
• Protein
• Nucleic Acid
• Carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is a main source of quick energy?

• Nucleic Acid
• Protein
• Lipid
• Carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

Cellulose is a structural carbohydrate found in-

• plants

• fungi

• insects

• polyvinyl

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly displays the paired forms of stored energy?

• glycogen = liver and starch = potatoes

• glycogen = potatoes and starch = liver

• potatoes = liver and starch = glycogen

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer of a lipid?

• monosaccharide
• nucleic acid
• fatty acid
• amino acid

Multiple Choice

What type of lipid is this?

• steroid
• cholesterol
• phospholipid
• triglyceride

Multiple Choice

In the phospholipid, the polar head is considered what type of structure?

• hydrophobic
• insoluble
• hydrophilic

Multiple Choice

The phospholipid bilayer comprises what part of the cell?

• cytoplasm
• cell membrane
• cytoskeleton
• nuclear membrane

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the monomer of a protein?

• Amino Acid

• Monosaccharide

• Nucleotide

• Steroid

Multiple Choice

Which of the follow elements is found in all proteins?

• Nitrogen

• Helium

• Magnesium

• Sulfur

Multiple Choice

When proteins are exposed to heat, acid, base, or mechanical disruption and lose their shape

• Acidification

• Denaturation

• Transamination

• Disruption

Multiple Choice

DNA and RNA are examples of...

• proteins
• nucleic acids
• carbohydrates
• lipids

Multiple Choice

What are the components of a nucleotide?

• nitrogen base, phosphate group, and sugar

• pentose sugar, purine, and pyrimidine

• nitrogen base and a phosphate group

• DNA, phosphate group, monosaccharide

Multiple Choice

One prominent feature of DNA is its ______________ -helix structure.

• single

• double

• triple

• none