Review lesson 5

Multiple Choice

Propose a strategy to mitigate the effects of air pollution on human health.

• Increase the use of fossil fuels

• Implement stricter emissions regulations and promote the use of renewable energy sources

• Reduce the number of green spaces in urban areas

• Encourage the use of private vehicles over public transportation

Multiple Choice

What are endocrine disruptors and how do they relate to industrial water pollutants?

• Chemical substances that interfere with hormonal systems

• Natural substances that enhance hormonal functions

• Substances that have no effect on hormones

• Only found in agricultural products

Multiple Choice

What are the potential environmental impacts of Atrazine as mentioned in the slide?

• It can contaminate human well-water

• It is safe for agricultural use

• It does not affect groundwater

• It is only harmful to plants

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a concern due to its ability to mimic hormones that regulate physiology and stimulate growth, development, and sexual maturity?

• Pathogens

• Endocrine disruptors

• Toxic chemicals

• Waterborne diseases

Multiple Choice

Endocrine disruptors cause the following impacts to organisms

• increased respiratory rate

• damage to the cardiovascular system

• increased size of individual organisms

• birth defects and cancer

Multiple Choice

Endocrine disruptors directly affect which of the following in an organism?

• White blood cells

• Hormones

• Hemoglobin

• Oxygen

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the action of an endocrine disruptor?

• An endocrine disruptor attacks hormones that invade a body system and cause disease.

• An endocrine disruptor blocks the receptor protein binding site of a hormone so that the cell cannot receive a signal.

• An endocrine disruptor acts as an organic catalyst, produced by living things to regulate the rate of chemical reactions.

• An endocrine disruptor helps to transport substances, such as pesticides, in an organism following exposure.

Multiple Choice

What are the main sources of mercury emissions as described in the image?

• Coal combustion

• Natural emissions

• Industrial releases

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Which of the following metal affects mental development in children?   

•  

  a) Lead   

• b) Barium   

• c) Zinc   

• d) Silver   

Multiple Choice

What are the potential contaminants that can leach from coal ash ponds into groundwater?

• Arsenic

• Lead

• Mercury

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Which of the following chemicals occur naturally in groundwater and are toxic at high concentrations?

• Chlorinated solvents and gasoline

• Aluminum, fluorides, nitrates, and sulfates

• Heavy metals and petroleum products

• Radioactive compounds

Multiple Choice

Which of the following can contaminate groundwater?

• improperly applied fertilizers and pesticides

• poorly designed landfills

• failing septic systems

• All the above.

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship between pollution and human health?

• Pollution has no effect on health

• Pollution can cause health issues

• Pollution improves health

• Pollution is beneficial for the environment

Multiple Choice

What are some human health issues linked to pollution?

• Dysentery

• Mesothelioma

• Respiratory problems

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What effect of air pollution causes millions of people to die each year

• Global warming

• Damage to the ozone layer

• Acid rain

• Respiratory infections, lung cancer, and heart disease

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

The continuous increase in the use of chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) is causing the depletion of the ozone layer of the Earth’s atmosphere. The ozone layer prevents harmful ultraviolet radiation from reaching the Earth.

What is one serious effect of ozone depletion?

• increase in glacier ice

• decrease in soil fertility

• decrease in oil reserves on Earth

• increase in the number of cases of skin cancer

Multiple Choice

Describe the relationship between air pollution and human health.

• Air pollution generally has no effect on human health.

• Air pollution can cause respiratory diseases and exacerbate existing health conditions.

• Air pollution improves lung function over time.

• Air pollution only affects people living in rural areas.

Multiple Choice

What are the ways that pollutants can enter the human body?

• Lead → water pipes & paint chips

• Mercury → seafood

• CO → indoor biomass combustion

• PM → pollen, dust, etc.

Multiple Choice

What is Dysentery and how is it caused?

• A viral infection from contaminated food

• A bacterial infection from contaminated water

• A fungal infection from poor sanitation

• A parasitic infection from dirty hands

Multiple Choice

What is mesothelioma and how is it caused?

• A type of lung cancer caused by smoking

• A type of cancer caused by exposure to asbestos

• A benign tumor in the abdomen

• A skin condition caused by asbestos exposure

Multiple Choice

What are the effects of tropospheric ozone on human health?

• Worsens respiratory conditions

• Improves lung function

• Irritates skin

• Has no effect

Multiple Choice

What are the main types of pathogens that cause infectious diseases?

• Bacteria

• Viruses

• Fungi

• All of the above

Open Ended

Explain how pathogens adapt to take advantage of new opportunities to infect and spread through human populations.

Multiple Choice

What are the two main categories of organisms discussed in the image?

• Pathogens

• Vectors

• Both A and B

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

What are some factors contributing to higher rates of infectious disease in less developed countries?

• Less access to healthcare facilities

• Higher sanitation standards

• More healthcare funding

• Better waste disposal systems