Unit 2 Notes (Cell Specialization)

Multiple Choice

These diagrams show a variety of cells from the same organism.

How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different DNA once it reaches maturity.

• As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different

• Mutations in the cells’ nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA, resulting in different shapes and functions in the different types of cells.

• During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

• During differentiation, different types of cells produce proteins which destroy the nonactive DNA, leading to cell specialization.

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order of organization?

• cells->tissue->organs->organ systems-> organism

• tissue->cells->organs->organ systems-> organism

• organs->organ systems-> organism->cells->tissue

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true about cell differentiation?

• Different cells contain different DNA, which leads to specialization

• All cells eventually reach G0 and stop dividing

• Different cells have the same DNA, but express different genes--leading to specialization

• Even though a cell is differentiated, it can always turn into another cell type

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic of stem cells makes them useful for treating Stargardt’s disease?

• They can differentiate into retinal cells.

• They are readily available from especially created embryos.

• They transport white blood cells to the eyes.

• They divide by binary fission so provide sufficient cells.

Open Ended

What would happen if cells could not specialize?

Match

Match the following

• Red Blood Cell

• White Blood Cell

• Neuron

• Platelet

• Muscle Cell

Transports oxygen

Fights infection

Conducts nerve impulses

Helps in blood clotting

Facilitates movement

• Transports oxygen

• Fights infection

• Conducts nerve impulses

• Helps in blood clotting

• Facilitates movement

Open Ended

Each body cell contains the same genetic information, but can differ in appearance

and size. The diagram below shows three different types of cells found in the human

body.

A. Identify one similarity, other than the genetic information, that these body cells have.

Open Ended

Each body cell contains the same genetic information, but can differ in appearance

and size. The diagram below shows three different types of cells found in the human

body.

B. Explain why differences in these human body cells are a biological advantage.

Match

Match

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 5

• Not in animal Cells

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell Wall

• Mitochondria

• Cell Membrane

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Cell Wall

Match

Match the following

• CHO 1:2:1 (about)

• CHO (No monomer)

• CHON

• CHONP
  (Phosphate Backbone)

Carbohydrate

Lipid

Protein

Nucleic Acid

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

Open Ended

What molecule do you think helps a plant stay upright within a skeleton?
Hint: In combination with a cell wall.