Cell Differentiation

Multiple Choice

Which factor will most directly determine what type of specialized cell will be produced?

• The size of the cell

• The number of chromosomes that are replicated

• The length of the cell cycle

• The genes that are expressed

Multiple Choice

Why is understanding cell specialization important in biology?

• It helps explain how organisms develop different tissues and organs.

• It shows how all cells are identical in function.

• It proves that cells do not change over time.

• It demonstrates that only plant cells can specialize.

Multiple Choice

What is the main purpose of stem cell research as shown in the image?

• To study how stem cells can regenerate tissues or organs

• To observe animal behavior

• To test new medicines on animals

• To study animal genetics

Fill in the Blanks

Stem cells are unspecialized cells that develop into

cells.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about stem cells and gene expression are correct?

• Stem cells specialize based on gene expression.

• Gene expression causes stem cells to become specific kinds of cells.

• Cells can only specialize at one time during embryo development.

• Cells can specialize at different times during embryo development.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of an internal environmental factor affecting organisms?

• Hormones

• Temperature

• Radiation

• UV Light

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an example of an external environmental factor?

• Nutrients (Diet)

• Carcinogenic Compounds

• Growth Factors

• Radiation

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of external stimuli that can influence cell differentiation?

• Temperature

• Hormones

• Nutrients

• Pollutants

Fill in the Blanks

The process by which a stem cell becomes a muscle cell is called

Multiple Choice

Which cell type can a stem cell NOT differentiate into?

• Muscle cell

• Blood cell

• Bone cell

• Virus

Fill in the Blanks

A cell that can develop into any type of body cell is called a

.

Multiple Choice

What is one way that cell specialization can occur?

• Through cell differentiation

• Through mitosis only

• By random mutation

• Through photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

The table shows a comparison of muscle cells and blood cells. Based on the table, which conclusion can be made?

• The gene that codes for glucagon is active only in muscle cells.

• The gene that codes for hemoglobin is absent from both cell types.

• The factors that regulate gene expression for glycolysis enzymes are active in muscle and blood cells.

• The factors that regulate gene expression for muscle proteins are active in red and white blood cells.

Multiple Choice

As unspecialized cells mature, what controls their development into specific cell types?

• The rate at which the cells grow

• The genes expressed within the cells

• 
  The nutrients available to the cells

• The age of neighboring cells

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows a process that occurs during the development of an organism. Which statement explains how the different cell types in the image are formed?

• 
  Each cell type uses its own unique replication process.

• Each cell type contains a different part of the original DNA.

  
  

• Each cell type expresses different genes at different times.

• 
  Each cell type has different enzymes to replicate genetic material.

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows how specialized body cells can develop. Which of the following best explains why cells that contain the same genetic material do not develop into the same types of cells?

• 
  A. Because internal or external stimuli can trigger the activation of specific genes in the DNA of cells

• B. Because random mutations can occur in the DNA of cells during early embryonic development

• Because messenger RNA is converted to transfer RNA when cell differentiation begins

• Because chemical signals that are released during the cell cycle can result in the linking of similar genes