Anatomy and Physiology Lecture

​Anatomy and Physiology from a SPD Technician Perspective

By Ms. Laterica Cain

Anatomy and Physiology: Muscular System (cont.)

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Levels of Organization

1. ​Cellular

2. Tissue

3. Organ

4. System

   **Homeostasis:

Anatomy and Phyisology

Anatomy and Physiology: Cells

• Cell wall

• Cell membrance

• Nuclear membrane

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Cilia and flagella

• Cell Components:

• ​Fundamental unit of life

• Smallest structure of the body

• Vary in size, shape and function

• Capable of performing all processes needed for life

  • Environmental factors needed:

    • Water

    • Food

    • Oxygen

    • Heat

    • Pressure

    • Alkaline pH environment

Anatomy and Physiology Skeletal System

206 Bones:

• Long Bones

• Short bones

• Flat bones

• Irregular bones
  
  

• Binds bones together at joints

• Framework of the body

• Protects internal organs

• Red and white blood cells

• Minerals stored

Consists of bones, ligaments and cartilage

Anatomy and Physiology: Skeletal System (cont.)

• Appendicular skeleton:

  • Pectorial girdle

  • Bone of upper limbs

  • Pelvic girdle

  • Bones of lower limbs
    

• Axial skeleton:

  • Skull

  • Hyoid bone

  • Vertebral column

  • Thoracic cage

Consists of axial and appendicular skeletons:

• Consists largely of cells specialized to undergo contractions

• Consists of half of the body's bulk

• Works with skeletal system

  • Generates enery to move

  • Completes concise and intricate hand movements

  • Lifts objects

  • Allows speaking

Anatomy and Physiology: Muscular System

Anatomy and Physiology: Muscular System (cont.)

• Three Types of Muscle Tissue

• Skeletal Muscle

• Smooth Muscle

• Cardiac Muscle

Anatomy and Physiology: Integumentary System

Consists of skin and its associated structures (hair, glands, and nails)

Skin:
Largest organ of the body
Made of several kinds of tissues structurally arranged to function together
Protects the body from the environment

​Anatomy and Physiology: Integumentary System (cont.)

Three layers:
Epidermis-
Dermis-
Hypodermis-

Hair, glands and nails:

Anatomy and Physiology: Circulatory System

Functions:

Transportation-
a.)
b.)
c.)

Regulation-
Proctect-

Anatomy and Physiology: Circulatory System (cont.)

Major areas:

Cardiovascular System-

Lympathic System-

• Upper Respiratory Tract

  • Nose

  • Nasal Cavity

  • Pharynx

  • Sinuses

  • Larynx

Anatomy and Physiology: Respiratory System: