Introduction Review 2025 Grade 7

​Introduction Review

By Anthony Rohm

Introduction to basic skills in science

An observation is a description of an object or event. For example, "this rock is shiny," "this animal has fur," and "the snowstorm lasted for six hours" are observations.

Observations are made by using the five senses. Instruments assist our senses. A telescope allows us to see objects at very long distances. Instruments are also used to make measurements. For example, "this rock has a mass of 23.4 grams" is a measurement made by using a balance.

An inference is a conclusion, opinion, or explanation of the observations. An inference can be a prediction about the future. The weather forecast for tomorrow is an inference.

​Rounding to the Nearest... number to be rounded to nearest tenth 451.7576

In this example we are rounding to tenths, so we should end up with one digit to the right of the decimal point, because that is the tenths place.

Now immediately you can see that 451 is not an acceptable answer, but 451.7 or 451.8 could be.

In this problem that is the nearest method. In the nearest method we look at the digit to the immediate right of the digit we will round to (so for this example we will look at the hundredths digit) If it is a five or greater (5 through 9) we round up (add 1 to the digit we are rounding and drop all the digits to the right).

​What if we had 451.7476 instead?

number to be rounded to nearest tenth 451.7476 number to the right of the tenths digit 4 since the number is a 4 we round down 451.7

​If the digit to the right of our rounding digit is less than 5 (0 through 4) we round down (drop all digits to the right of the digit we are rounding).

Multiple Select

Round 39.98 L to the nearest tenth.

• 40.0 L

• 39.0 L

• 39.1 L

• 39.8 L

Multiple Choice

Round 47.941 to the nearest tenth.

• 47.9
• 48
• 47.91
• 48.1

Multiple Choice

Round 23.542 to the nearest tenth.

• 23.5
• 23.6
• 23.54
• 23

Multiple Choice

Round 1.823 to the nearest whole number.

• 1
• 1.8
• 2
• 2.8

Multiple Choice

The thing you change in an experiment is the _______ variable

• Independent

• Dependent

• Control

• Changing

Multiple Choice

The things you keep the same in an experiment are the _______ .

• Independent

• Dependent

• constants

• Same

Multiple Choice

The measurable factor that is a result of the independent variable in an experiment is known as the:

• Control

• Independent Variable

• Constant

• Dependent Variable

Multiple Choice

Mike set up an experiment to see how the mass of a ball affects the distance it rolls off a ramp. Identify the independent variable.

• Distance traveled by the ball
• Height of the ramp
• Mass of the ball
• Who set up the experiment (Ms. S, etc)

Multiple Choice

Mike set up an experiment to see how the mass of a ball affects the distance it rolls off a ramp. What is the dependent variable?

• Distance traveled by the ball
• Height of the ramp
• Mass of the ball
• Where the experiment took place.

Multiple Choice

A claim is ______________________________.

• a kind of shellfish often used in chowder. 
• a fact.
• a statement or conclusion that answers the original question or problem
  
• a bad thing to make about something.

Multiple Choice

Evidence is ___________________

• A statement or conclusion that answers a question
• Scientific data that supports the claim
• A justification that connects the claim to the evidence
• Not vital when using an argument

Multiple Choice

Reasoning is __________________.

• A statement of conclusion that answers the original question/problem
• Scientific data that supports the claim
• A justification using a scientific concept that connects the evidence to the claim

• Empirical Evidence

Multiple Choice

Has specific data, numbers, values, or qualitative descriptions. 

• Claim
• Evidence 
• Reasoning
• All

Multiple Choice

Ties evidence to claim. 

• Claim
• Evidence 
• Reasoning
• All

Multiple Choice

The ____________will allow only the independent variable to be tested and prevents mixed results

• independent variable
• dependent variable
• constants
• control

Multiple Choice

The statement "the balloon got bigger, from 6 cm to 8 cm." is which of the following?

• claim

• evidence

• reasoning

• conclusion

Multiple Choice

The graph below shows atmospheric carbon dioxide levels since the year 1880.Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph

•  Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are responsible for global temperature change.
•  Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising at about the same rate for the past century.
• Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have remained the same over the past century.
•  Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising at an increasingly higher rate as the past century has progressed.

​Volume

is the amount of space matter occupies.

Volumes of liquids are expressed in liters (L), and milliliters (mL)

(ml) = (cm3)

​Regular Shape Object

​Read from the bottom of the meniscus

​A graduated cylinder is used to measure liquid volume.


Water in a graduated cylinder have a curved surface known as a meniscus.


To measure liquid volume you must read the level at the lowest point of the meniscus.

Multiple Select

To measure the volume of water correctly, read the scale on a graduated cylinder at the ____ part of the meniscus.

• lowest

• outer

• highest

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

An amount of liquid would be expressed in ____ for scientific experiments.

• centimeters or meters

• grams or milligrams

• liters or milliliters

• ounces or gallons

Multiple Choice

Students were investigating some properties of rocks. They wanted to compare the volumes of the rocks.

Which tool should the students use to accurately measure the volume of each rock?

Multiple Choice

_{^{Find the Volume}}

• 428.4 cm³
• 412.8 cm³
• 404.2 cm³
• 400 cm³

Multiple Choice

What is the length of the eraser in centimeters (cm)?

• 3.0 cm

• 2.0 cm

• 5.0 cm

• 7.0 cm

Multiple Choice

What is the scale of the graduations for this graduated cylinder?

• .1 mL

• .2 mL

• .5 mL

• 1 mL

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of the water in this graduated cylinder?

• 21 mL
• 23.5 mL
• 22 mL
• 21.5 mL

Multiple Choice

What is the scale of the graduations (line) for this graduated cylinder?

• .1 mL per sub-graduate
• .2 mL per sub-graduate
• .5 mL per sub-graduate
• 1 mL per sub-graduate

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of the water in this graduated cylinder?

• 7.6 mL
• 7.2 mL
• 6.6 mL
• 6.8 mL

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of the water in this graduated cylinder?

• 11.5 mL
• 13 mL
• 10.3 mL
• 11 mL

Multiple Choice

What is the scale of the sub-graduates for this graduated cylinder?

• .1 mL per sub-graduate

• 1 mL per sub-graduate

• .2 mL per sub-graduate

• .5 mL per sub-graduate

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of the water in this graduated cylinder?

• 33 mL
• 34 mL
• 35 mL
• 36 mL

Multiple Choice

How much liquid is represented?

• 56 mL

• 50.6 mL

• 58 mL

• 50.8 mL

Multiple Choice

If the mass of a cup of water is 250 grams and the mass of the empty cup is 30 grams.  What is the mass of the water?

• 220 grams
• 280 grams
• 30 grams
• 250 grams

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of Object X?

• 10 cm³

• 15 cm³

• 20 cm³

• 25 cm³

Multiple Choice

The curve at a liquid's surface by which one measures the volume of the liquid is called?

• Meniscus
• graduated cylinder
• Triple beam balance
• cubic centimeters

Multiple Select

To Interpret Data you need (check all that apply) there is more than one right answer.

• Explain observations

• Include graphs, diagrams and calculations to support illustrate data collected.

• Identify sources of error

• Make observations

• Enter Data into data table

Explanation Slide...

To interpret data effectively, you must explain observations, include supporting visuals like graphs, and identify sources of error. These elements enhance understanding and accuracy in data analysis.

Multiple Select

To perform the Experiment(check all that apply) there is more than one right answer.

• Make observations

• Enter Data into data table

• collect data

• Explain observations

• Include graphs, diagrams and calculations to support illustrate data collected.

Explanation Slide...

The correct choices for performing the experiment include making observations, entering data into a data table, and collecting data. These steps are essential for gathering and organizing information effectively.

Multiple Select

The conclusion ... (check all that apply) there is more than one right answer.

• be based on the observations and data collected.
• should answer questions and compare results to hypothesis.
• can come from your friends tik tok video
• can be googled and copied from a friend

Multiple Choice

“I want to see if different colors of light help plants grow better. I am going to take four plants (all the same type) and set them up underneath different lights. One will be a white light, one will be red, one will be blue, and one will be green. Every day, I will water them the same amount at the same time. I will also record how high each plant grows for two weeks and then look at my results.” What is the independent variable?

• the color of light

• the amount of light

• the amount of water

• the type of soil

• the temperature of the room

Explanation Slide...

The independent variable is the color of light, as it is the factor being changed to observe its effect on plant growth. The other options remain constant throughout the experiment.

Multiple Choice

“I want to see if different colors of light help plants grow better. I am going to take four plants (all the same type) and set them up underneath different lights. One will be a white light, one will be red, one will be blue, and one will be green. Every day, I will water them the same amount at the same time. I will also record how high each plant grows for two weeks and then look at my results.” What is the dependent variable?

• the growth of the plant

• the amount of light

• the color of light

• the amount of water

• the type of soil

Explanation Slide...

The dependent variable is the growth of the plant, as it is what the experiment measures to see how it responds to different colors of light. The other options are either constants or independent variables.

Multiple Choice

I am doing a test to see if there is a connection between how long you run and how fast your heart beats. I will be performing an experiment where a person will run for a 1 minute and I will check their heartbeat. Then they will run for 2 minutes and I will check their heart rate. I will do this up to 6 minutes and see if there is a connection. What is the independent variable?

• the amount of time the person runs

• the heart rate

• the person being tested

• the sneakers the person wears

• the temperature of the room he runs in

Explanation Slide...

The independent variable is the amount of time the person runs, as it is the factor being manipulated to observe its effect on the heart rate, which is the dependent variable.

Multiple Select

I am doing a test to see if there is a connection between how long you run and how fast your heart beats. I will be performing an experiment where a person will run for a 1 minute and I will check their heartbeat. Then they will run for 2 minutes and I will check their heart rate. I will do this up to 6 minutes and see if there is a connection. What are the constants?

• the person being tested

• the sneakers the person wears

• the temperature of the room he runs in

• the running surface

• how long I test the heart rate for before they run again

Explanation Slide...

The constants in the experiment include the person being tested, their sneakers, the room temperature, the running surface, and the duration for heart rate checks. These factors must remain unchanged to ensure valid results.

Multiple Choice

In a science experiment, 10 bean seedlings were placed in the dark and another 10 bean seedlings were placed in sunlight. All other growth conditions were kept the same for both sets of seedlings. After one week it was observed that the seedlings in the dark were white with long slender stems. The seedlings in the sunlight were green and healthy. The independent variable in this experiment was the:

• number of bean seedlings

• temperature

• amount of light

• growth of seedlings

Explanation Slide...

The independent variable is the amount of light, as it is the condition that was changed between the two groups of seedlings. The differences in growth observed are due to this variable.

Multiple Choice

In a science experiment, 10 bean seedlings were placed in the dark and another 10 bean seedlings were placed in sunlight. All other growth conditions were kept the same for both sets of seedlings. After one week it was observed that the seedlings in the dark were white with long slender stems. The seedlings in the sunlight were green and healthy. The dependent variable in this experiment was the:

• number of bean seedlings

• temperature

• amount of light

• growth of seedlings

Explanation Slide...

The growth of seedlings is the dependent variable, as it is what is being measured in response to the different light conditions. The seedlings' appearance (white and slender vs. green and healthy) indicates their growth.

Multiple Choice

In a science experiment, 10 bean seedlings were placed in the dark and another 10 bean seedlings were placed in sunlight. All other growth conditions were kept the same for both sets of seedlings. After one week it was observed that the seedlings in the dark were white with long slender stems. The seedlings in the sunlight were green and healthy. Which claim can be made from this experiment?

• Plants grown in the dark can not carry on respiration.

• Light is necessary for proper water absorption by roots.

• Light is necessary for the germination of bean seeds.

• Light is needed for the normal growth of seedlings.

Explanation Slide...

The experiment shows that seedlings in the dark were unhealthy and elongated, indicating that light is essential for normal growth. Therefore, the correct claim is that light is needed for the normal growth of seedlings.

Open Ended

In a science experiment, 10 bean seedlings were placed in the dark and another 10 bean seedlings were placed in sunlight. All other growth conditions were kept the same for both sets of seedlings. After one week it was observed that the seedlings in the dark were white with long slender stems. The seedlings in the sunlight were green and healthy. What evidence supports the claim that Light is needed for the normal growth of seedlings.?

Explanation Slide...

The seedlings in the dark were white and elongated, indicating lack of chlorophyll and unhealthy growth. In contrast, the green, healthy seedlings in sunlight show that light is essential for proper germination and growth.

Open Ended

In a science experiment, 10 bean seedlings were placed in the dark and another 10 bean seedlings were placed in sunlight. All other growth conditions were kept the same for both sets of seedlings. After one week it was observed that the seedlings in the dark were white with long slender stems. The seedlings in the sunlight were green and healthy. What science explanation can justify the claim that Light is needed for the normal growth of seedlings.?

Explanation Slide...

The seedlings in the dark were white and elongated due to etiolation, indicating they lacked chlorophyll and light. This shows that light is essential for photosynthesis, which is necessary for healthy growth and development.

Multiple Choice

The horizontal x axis is the_________variable.

• independent

• dependent

Explanation Slide...

The horizontal x axis represents the independent variable in a graph. This variable is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable, which is typically plotted on the y axis.

Multiple Choice

The vertical y axis is the__________variable.

• independent

• dependent

Explanation Slide...

The vertical y-axis represents the dependent variable, which is affected by changes in the independent variable plotted on the x-axis. Thus, the correct answer is 'dependent'.

Multiple Choice

Axes are numbered using the ___________ interval.

• same

• different

Explanation Slide...

Axes are numbered using the same interval to ensure consistency and comparability across the graph. This allows for accurate representation of data and easier interpretation of the plotted values.

Multiple Select

Each axis is labeled with the___________ and _________________

• name

• units

• letter

• grid

Explanation Slide...

Each axis on a graph is labeled with the name of the variable it represents and the units of measurement, providing clarity on what the data points signify.

Multiple Choice

The independent variable is_____________________________.

• Depth of Water

• temperature

Explanation Slide...

The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated in an experiment. In this case, the depth of water is the variable being changed to observe its effect, making it the correct choice.

Multiple Choice

The dependent variable is_____________________________.

• Depth of Water

• temperature

Explanation Slide...

The dependent variable is the one that is measured in an experiment. In this case, temperature is the correct answer, as it is the variable that changes in response to other factors, unlike the depth of water.

Fill in the Blank

A good title would be ________________________________

Explanation Slide...

The correct title format uses hyphens to separate words, making 'Temperature-vs-Depth of Water' the best choice. It enhances readability and clearly indicates the relationship between temperature and depth.

Multiple Choice

As the depth of water increased, the temperature___________________

• increases

• decreases

• stays the same

Explanation Slide...

As water depth increases, pressure also increases, which leads to a decrease in temperature. This is due to the thermodynamic properties of water, where deeper layers are generally colder.