GI Protozoa

Multiple Choice

What are the three types of GI protozoa mentioned?

• Entamoeba, Giardia, Cryptosporidium

• E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella

• Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C

• Ascaris, Hookworm, Trichuris

Multiple Choice

What is the effect of water on appetite and stomach strength according to Tobias Venner?

• It enhances appetite

• It has no effect

• It destroys appetite

• It improves stomach strength

Multiple Choice

What is the significance of distinguishing between different species of Entamoeba, such as E. histolytica and E. dispar?

• They cause different diseases

• They have different treatment protocols

• They are indistinguishable by stool tests

• They are all harmless

Multiple Choice

What were the terms coined in 1890 related to dysentery?

• Amebic dysentery and amebic liver abscess

• Ipecac and emetine

• Dysentery and cholera

• Peru and India

Multiple Choice

Which species of Entamoeba is known to cause amebiasis?

• E. dispar

• E. bangladeshi

• E. histolytica

• E. moshkovskii

Multiple Choice

What is the significance of the E. histolytica trophozoite in human health?

• It causes malaria

• It is a type of bacteria

• It is a protozoan parasite

• It is harmless to humans

Multiple Choice

What are the different genotypes associated with E. histolytica?

• Diarrhea

• Colonization

• Amebic liver abscess

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

What is the first step in the life cycle of E. histolytica?

• Ingestion of quadrinucleated cyst

• Excretion of cyst

• Multiplication of trophozoites

• Invasion of colon by trophozoites

Multiple Choice

What is the structure shown in the image?

• Quadrinucleated cyst

• Bacterial cell

• Fungal spore

• Viral particle

Multiple Choice

What are the stages of the life cycle of E. histolytica as shown in the diagram?

• Mature cyst

• Trophozoites

• Immature cyst

• Quadrinucleate cyst

Multiple Choice

What determines whether trophozoites invade or form cysts?

• Environmental conditions

• Host immune response

• Quorum sensing

• Nutrient availability

Multiple Choice

What is the role of Gal/GalNAc-binding lectin in the life cycle of E. histolytica?

• It helps in the excretion of cysts

• It mediates adherence and lysis of colonic epithelium

• It initiates the multiplication of trophozoites

• It contributes to the formation of liver abscesses

Multiple Choice

What role does Gal/GalNAc lectin play in the attachment of amoebas to human cells?

• It promotes cell division

• It facilitates attachment

• It causes cell death

• It enhances immune response

Multiple Choice

What is the process illustrated in the image that involves the amoeba interacting with a live human cell?

• Phagocytosis

• Trogocytosis

• Endocytosis

• Exocytosis

Open Ended

What triggers changes resulting in invasive disease or amebic liver abscess?

Multiple Choice

What are the three steps involved in the process of host cell destruction by E. histolytica?

• Adherence, contact-dependent cytolysis, phagocytosis

• Adherence, digestion, absorption

• Invasion, adherence, phagocytosis

• Contact-dependent cytolysis, digestion, absorption

Multiple Choice

What is the role of Ca2+ in the process of E. histolytica pathogenesis?

• It promotes adherence to host cells

• It triggers apoptosis

• It facilitates phagocytosis

• It has no role

Multiple Choice

A process wherein a cell binds to the item it wants to engulf on the cell surface and draws the item inward while engulfing around it is called...

• Interphase

• Lysogenic Cycle

• Lytic Cycle

• Phagocytosis

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the process where white blood cells surround, engulf and digest pathogens?

• protein synthesis

• photosynthesis

• vaccination

• phagocytosis

Multiple Choice

During phagocytosis, a cell

• takes in solid food (eats)

• takes in liquids (drinks)

Multiple Choice

What are the components of a typical cell membrane as illustrated in the diagram?

• Phospholipid Bilayer

• Hydrophobic fatty acid tails

• Polar head groups

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the phagocytic mouths shown in the trophozoite images?

• Digestion of food particles

• Reproduction

• Movement

• Respiration

Multiple Choice

Sponges eat ______.

• Squid

• Plankton

• Shrimp

• They Photosynthesize

Multiple Choice

Animals that use water to bring in food from the surrounding environment are ________

• sessile

• medusas

• filter feeders

• choanocytes

Multiple Choice

Protists obtain food by 

• Autotrophs

• Heterotrophs

• Autotroph & Heterotroph

• Sigotrophs

Multiple Choice

What is the effect of soluble Gal or GalNAc on the adherence of certain bacteria to human colonic mucin glycoproteins?

• Increases adherence

• Decreases adherence

• No effect

• Inhibits adherence

Multiple Choice

What is represented by the yellow shapes in the diagram?

• Soluble Gal/GalNAc

• Cell Membrane

• Protein Structure

• Lipids

Multiple Choice

What is the significance of the conservation of Gal/GalNAc genes in E. histolytica isolates?

• It aids in vaccine development

• It has no significance

• It affects the pathogenicity

• It is only relevant in one continent

Multiple Choice

What is the role of neutrophils in the immune response?

• Earliest innate cellular response

• Recruitment of lymphocytes

• Formation of granulomas

• Depletion associated with disease

Multiple Choice

What is the role of Gal/GalNAc binding lectin in macrophage function?

• It up-regulates TLR-2

• It inhibits iNOS production

• It enhances MHC-I expression

• It decreases macrophage activity

Multiple Choice

What is the role of macrophages in the immune response as illustrated in the diagram?

• To produce antibodies

• To modulate immune responses

• To destroy pathogens

• To activate T-cells

Multiple Choice

What does the graph illustrate about the relationship between INF-γ production and the percentage of E. histolytica free over time?

• Higher INF-γ production leads to lower protection

• Higher INF-γ production leads to higher protection

• There is no relationship between INF-γ production and protection

• Protection decreases over time regardless of INF-γ levels