Endocrine

Open Ended

What is the endocrine system? What is its function?

Match

Match the following

• 1

• 2/7

• 3

• 4/5

• 8

pituitary

thyroid and parathyroids

adrenal

gonads

pancreas

• pituitary

• thyroid and parathyroids

• adrenal

• gonads

• pancreas

Multiple Select

Which of the following organs is both an endocrine and exocrine organ?

• Pancreas

• Thyroid

• Adrenal gland

• Pineal gland

• Gonads

Open Ended

Explain negative feedback.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a characteristic of steroid hormones?

• Lipid soluble (hydrophobic)

• Work rapidly

• Transported freely in the bloodstream

• Most hormones belong to this class

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best explains why hormones only activate specific target cells?

• Hormones can only reach certain cells in the body.

• Target cells have specific receptors for specific hormones.

• All cells have the same receptors for hormones.

• Hormones only circulate in certain tissues.

Multiple Choice

What are the three main factors that determine target cell activation?

• Blood levels of the hormone, number of receptors, affinity of receptors for the hormone

• Blood pressure, hormone type, cell size

• Hormone structure, cell membrane thickness, receptor location

• Receptor type, hormone solubility, blood pH

Open Ended

Explain how changes in receptor density affect the response of a target cell to a hormone.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following mechanisms is used by steroid hormones to alter target cell activity?

• Second messenger mechanism

• Direct gene activation

• Enzyme inhibition

• Protein phosphorylation

Open Ended

Compare and contrast the mechanisms of action of steroid hormones and peptide hormones.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a humoral stimulus for hormone release?

• Increased SNS stimulation in the adrenal medulla

• Increased TSH leading to increased thyroid hormones

• Increased blood glucose leading to increased insulin release

• Increased epinephrine secretion

Open Ended

Describe the histological differences between the anterior and posterior pituitary glands.

Multiple Choice

Which hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary?

• Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

• Growth hormone and prolactin

• Thyroid-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone

• Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone

Open Ended

Describe positive feedback.

Multiple Choice

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

• stimulates glucose absorption in the intestines

• regulates blood pressure by dilating blood vessels

• promotes smooth muscle contractions in the uterus

• decreases urine production

Match

Match the following

• regulates gamete production and hormones in ovaries/testes​

• regulates release of hormones from adrenal cortex​

• regulates hormone release from thyroid gland​

• anabolic hormone that promotes protein synthesis and bone growth​

• breast development, lactation, testosterone production

FSH/LH

ACTH

TSH

GH

Prolactin

• FSH/LH

• ACTH

• TSH

• GH

• Prolactin

Labelling

Identify where each hormone is produced or stored.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

produces T3/T4

calcitonin

stores T3/T4

Open Ended

Why do hypo TSH and hypo thyroid secretion produce the same disorders?

Open Ended

How is the adrenal gland similar to the pituitary gland?

Labelling

Identify where each hormone is produced.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

aldosterone

androgens

cortisol

epinephrine

Multiple Select

What effect does aldosterone have on the body? (select all that apply)

• increased blood volume due to more water in the blood

• increased blood pressure

• increased amount of sodium ions in the blood

• increased urine production

Open Ended

Describe pros and cons of cortisol.

Multiple Choice

Glucagon and Insulin are under ___ feedback control.

• negative

• positive

Match

Match the following

• high urine output and extreme thirst without blood sugar changes

• hypersecretion of cortisol causes high blood glucose levels

• autoimmune disease; little/no insulin produced by pancreas; insulin supplements required​

• pancreas produces insulin but target cells are down regulated due to lifestyle

Diabetes Insipidus

Adrenal Diabetes

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

• Diabetes Insipidus

• Adrenal Diabetes

• Type I Diabetes Mellitus

• Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Multiple Select

Which endocrine glands shrink with age?

• pineal

• thymus

• pituitary

• adrenal

• thyroid