USH Review: UNIT 1

​US History Midterm Review: Unit 1
Colonies to Revolution

Nations of Europe believed there were a limited amount of resources in the world, and setting up colonies with a profitable balance of trade would increase the wealth and strength of the "mother country" and weaken other nations.

Mercantilism

Multiple Choice

In the seventeenth century, European activity in the Americas was largely driven by mercantilism. According to the theory of mercantilism, what must a nation do in order to build economic strength?

• export more than it imports

• invest heavily in technology

• encourage entrepreneurship

• eliminate all barriers to trade

Multiple Choice

How did colonies help European nations (mother countries) that believed in mercantilism?

• Colonies provided more freedom for citizens

• Colonies provided markets for European nations where colonists were forced to buy manufactured goods.

• Colonies controlled the mother country

• Colonies dictated what would be produced in other European nations.

Multiple Choice

What did colonies provide to the home country under mercantilism?

• Luxury items

• Raw materials

• Finished goods

• Technology

Multiple Choice

The triangular Trade is best described as which of the following?

• Trade routes between African, Europe and the Americans during the Atlantic Slave trade.

• Trade routes over the silk route

• Trade routes between the new world and old world

• Trade routes that encompass the entire globe.

Growth of the African Population

Both economic and cultural contributions impacted the development of North America

• Enslaved people were made to travel the horrifying and deadly route from Africa to the Americas in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions.

• ​Though most enslaved Africans went to the Caribbean and Brazil, Africans made important contributions to the development of the British colonies.

Middle Passage

• 1500s-early 1600s: Natives and Europeans engaged in conquest and colonization

• ​After 1619: growing African and African American population

Demographics of North America

Unofficial British policy of reducing restrictions on the North American colonies

Salutary Neglect

• reaction to the Enlightenment

• individualism

• challenge to power of old institutions

• first American social movement

Great Awakening

Multiple Choice

When slaves were loaded onto boats to be taken and sold, this part of the triangular trade route was called what?

• the American Passage
• the Middle Passage
• the Lower Passage
• the African Passage

Multiple Choice

Which of the following examples best illustrate the strained relationship between the Native Americans and the New England Colonies?

• French and Indian War

• Bacon’s Rebellion

• King Philip’s War

• Salem Witch Trials

Multiple Choice

In the Colonial Era, developments such as the New England town meetings and the establishment of the Virginia House of Burgesses represented:

• Colonial attempts to build a strong national government

• Efforts by the British to strengthen their control over the colonies

• Steps in the growth of representative democracy

• Early social reform movements

Multiple Choice

Which of the following geographic conditions were present in the Southern colonies and were suitable for the development of plantation agriculture (but NOT northward in New England)?

• colder climate

• rocky soil

• short growing season

• warm, wet climate

Multiple Choice

Which of the following accurately characterize the Great Awakening?

• The colonies were isolated from one another by different patterns of religion.

• Old institutions of power like the Puritan church were strengthened.

• Emphasis on individualism and religious revival

Multiple Choice

What was the significance of the House of Burgesses in Virginia and New England town meetings?

• direct rule of British Parliament

• direct rule of British crown

• salutary neglect allowed for the development of representative democracy

Multiple Choice

What was a result of the French and Indian War that eventually led to the American Revolution?

• Britain placed its colonies under strict control and began taxing them to help pay for the war.

• Colonists were not offered aid during the war but were still expected to serve British interests.

• The loss of colonial territory to the French made colonists lose faith in the British government.

• Britain expected colonists to fight the war at their own expense and offered no reimbursement.

Multiple Choice

After the French and Indian War, the British issued the Proclamation of 1763 and the Stamp Act. These two measures were similar in that each contributed to which of the following?

• political stability and economic growth in the colonies

• increased reliance on slave labor in the British colonies

• discontent in the colonies and growing support for revolution

• improved relations between colonists and native populations

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would make the BEST title for the outline above?

• Colonial Reactions to British Policies

• British Response to Colonial Resistance

• American Response to the French Revolution

• State-by-State Reactions to the Proposed Constitution

Multiple Choice

Why was Thomas Paine's Common Sense so influential in the colonies?

• He presented his arguments in language most colonists could understand.

• He was a well respected military leader with extensive political experience.

• He was a member of the British aristocracy who chose to live in the colonies.

• He resigned his seat in the House of Lords to protest British colonial policies.

Multiple Choice

A group of colonists who formed a secret society to oppose British policies at the time of the American Revolution

• Sons of Liberty

• Daughters of Liberty

• Stamp Act Congress

• Committees of Correspondence

Multiple Choice

According to the British what was the REASON for the Proclamation of 1763?

• The Proclamation of 1763 gave all of the land to the American colonists.

• The Proclamation was a meeting between Native Americans and the colonists.

• It was attempt to end conflicts/war between Native Americans and colonists west of the Appalachian Mountains.

• It was a law that allowed colonists the chance to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Multiple Choice

The _______________ acts were a tax on imported goods, such as paper, glass, lead, paint, and tea.

• Townshend 
• Intolerable
• Coercive
• Ridiculous

Multiple Choice

What event does this drawing show?

• Tarring and feathering
• Boston Tea Party
• Boston Massacre
• American Revolution

Multiple Choice

What was the COLONIAL name for the acts that closed Boston Harbor, banned town meetings, and other harsh penalties?

• The Coercive Acts

• The Townshend Acts

• The Intolerable Acts

• The Proclamation of 1763

SSUSH4. The Revolution

What were the ideological, military, social, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution?
a) What were the intellectual sources for the Declaration of Independence, how was the Declaration organized, and what was its argument? What was the role of Thomas Jefferson and the Committee of Five in writing the Declaration?
b) What were the reasons for and what was the significance of the French alliance and other foreign assistance? How successful was the diplomacy of Benjamin Franklin and John Adams?
c) How successful was George Washington as a military leader? What was tghe influence of Baron von Steuben and the Marquis de LaFayette, and what was the significance of Valley Forge in the creation of a professional military?
d) What role did geography play in the Battles of Trenton, Saratoga, and Yorktown?

Multiple Choice

Which two American ambassadors convinced France to form a military alliance with the Americans during the Revolutionary War?

• George Washington and Thomas Jefferson

• Benjamin Franklin and John Adams

• Alexander Hamilton and James Madison

• Thomas Paine and Samuel Adams

Multiple Choice

Which of the following individuals helped train the Continental Army at Valley Forge?

• Marquis de Lafayette

• Baron von Steuben

• Benjamin Franklin

• John Adams

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the conditions faced by soldiers at Valley Forge during the winter of 1777-1778?

• They enjoyed comfortable living conditions and plenty of food.

• They faced harsh weather, lack of supplies, and disease.

• They were constantly engaged in battle with the British.

• They spent most of their time training for future battles.

Multiple Choice

What role did George Washington play at Valley Forge?

• He abandoned his troops.

• He led and supported his troops through difficult times.

• He negotiated peace with the British.

• He left Valley Forge early.

Fill in the Blank

Washington's victory at the Battle of ___ greatly lifted American morale.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about the Battle of Trenton is correct?

• Washington crossed the Delaware River on Christmas night to surprise the Hessians.

• The battle took place in Virginia.

• The Hessians were American soldiers.

• Washington's victory had little impact on American morale.

Multiple Choice

As many as 25,000 slaves and freed blacks fought on both sides of the war. What does this reveal about the broader social implications of the Revolutionary War?

• A. African Americans were forced to serve only in the Continental Army.
  

• B. Their involvement highlights how promises of freedom and rights shaped motivations during the war.
  

• C. Both armies used them solely for labor rather than combat roles.
  

• D. Their participation had no significant effect on the war’s outcome or society.

Multiple Choice

Which event marked the "turning point" of the war, when the French decide to help the Americans?

SSUSH4d

• Battle of Saratoga

• Battles of Lexington and Concord

• Surrender at Yorktown

• Treaty of Paris

Multiple Choice

The site where the British army formally surrendered to the Continental Army ending the American Revolution.

• Saratoga

• Trenton

• Valley Forge

• Yorktown

Multiple Choice

A 19-year-old French nobleman who volunteered to serve in Washington's Army.

• Baron von Steuben

• Marquis de Lafayette

• Lord Cornwallis

• Henry Clinton

• Francis Marion

Multiple Choice

He commanded the Continental Army.

• John Paul Jones
• John Adams
• Thomas Jefferson
• George Washington

Multiple Choice

How did Native Americans react to the revolution?

• They refused to fight for either side
• They thought the Americans would give them a better deal.
• They thought the British would give them a better deal.
• They brought settlers turkey dinners.

Multiple Choice

Valley Forge

• Was the final major battle of the Revolution
• Kept the British from splitting New England from the other colonies
• Winter encampment where soldiers suffered from cold, hunger, and disease
• Patriots held off the British until they ran out of ammunition

Multiple Choice

How did the geography of the area contribute to Lord Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown?

• Cornwallis and his forces camped on the Savannah River, which left them vulnerable to a surprise attack by French soldiers who traveled up the river at night.

• The French navy established control of the nearby coastline and prevented reinforcements from reaching Cornwallis and his forces.

• Cornwallis and his forces maintained the high ground by camping on a hilltop, but were forced to surrender after Continental troops cut off supply lines.

• The swampland surrounding Yorktown caused Cornwallis and his forces to fight a guerilla campaign for which they were not prepared.

Multiple Choice

OFFICIALLY gives colonists independence

• Declaration of Independence

• Treaty of Paris 1783

• Yorktown

• 2nd Continental Congress