Biochemistry Review

Multiple Choice

Why is carbon considered such an important element in the chemistry of living organisms?

• Because it can form a wide variety of stable bonds with many elements, including itself

• Because it is the most abundant element in the universe

• Because it is only found in living organisms

• Because it is a metal

Open Ended

How do functional groups influence the properties and behavior of organic molecules in living systems?

Open Ended

Explain how condensation and hydrolysis reactions are related and why they are important for living cells.

Multiple Choice

Which process is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers, and what molecule is required for this process?

• Condensation; ATP

• Hydrolysis; water

• Dehydration; oxygen

• Polymerization; carbon dioxide

Fill in the Blanks

Lipids contain the elements ___, ___, and ___, but not in the 1:2:1 ratio seen in carbohydrates.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are examples of polysaccharides?

• Glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose

• Starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

• Lactose, maltose, sucrose, glucose

• Ribose, deoxyribose, glucose, fructose

Open Ended

Compare the structure and function of saturated and unsaturated fats. How do their physical properties differ at room temperature?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the region of an amino acid that varies and gives each amino acid its unique properties?

• Amino group

• Carboxyl group

• R group

• Hydrogen atom

Open Ended

Describe how a peptide bond is formed between two amino acids and explain its significance in protein structure.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about enzymes is/are correct?

• Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

• Enzymes are used up during the reaction.

• Enzymes are specific to the reactions they catalyze.

• Enzymes can be used repeatedly for the same reaction.

Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blank: The specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds is called the

site.

Open Ended

Compare and contrast the roles of DNA and RNA in the cell, including where each is found and their primary functions.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of carbon that makes it essential for building biological molecules?

• Carbon can form four covalent bonds.

• Carbon chains are almost always straight.

• Carbon can bond with a variety of other elements.

• Carbon compounds do not readily dissolve in water.

Open Ended

What are the main differences between organic and inorganic compounds as described in the lesson?