energy and metabolism

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the role of the sun in sustaining life on Earth?

• It provides energy for all living systems.

• It is only important for plant growth.

• It only affects decomposers.

• It has no impact on energy flow.

Multiple Choice

Why is the study of metabolism significant for understanding living organisms?

• Metabolism is irrelevant to energy production.
• Metabolism has no impact on an organism's growth.
• Metabolism is crucial for energy production, growth, and maintaining homeostasis in living organisms.
• Metabolism is only important for digestion.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes metabolism?

• All chemical reactions of a cell or organism

• Only the breakdown of food in the body

• Only the synthesis of proteins

• The process of cell division

Multiple Choice

The type of reaction that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy, is called ___.

• catabolic
• anabolic

Multiple Select

Which statements about anabolic and catabolic pathways are correct?

• Anabolic pathways require energy to build larger molecules.

• Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down molecules.

• Anabolic pathways break down large molecules into smaller ones.

• Catabolic pathways synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones.

Open Ended

Is photosynthesis an anabolic or catabolic pathway? What evidence supports your answer.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following objects demonstrates potential energy?

• A rock at the edge of a cliff

• A flowing river

• A moving car

• A spinning fan

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes activation energy in a chemical reaction?

• The energy required to start a reaction by making reactants unstable

• The energy released when products are formed

• The energy stored in the bonds of reactants

• The energy lost as heat during the reaction

Multiple Choice

Compare the activation energy of catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions as shown in the graph. What is the significance of this difference?

• The activation energy of catalyzed reactions is lower than that of uncatalyzed reactions, leading to faster reaction rates.
• Catalyzed reactions require more energy to initiate than uncatalyzed reactions, leading to longer reaction times.
• Both catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions have the same activation energy, making them equally fast.
• The activation energy of catalyzed reactions is higher than that of uncatalyzed reactions, resulting in slower reaction rates.

Fill in the Blank

The breakdown of gasoline in a car engine is an example of an ___ reaction.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements are true about the laws of thermodynamics?

• The first law states that energy can be created or destroyed.

• The second law states that energy transfer is always 100% efficient.

• The first law states that the total amount of energy in the universe is constant.

• The second law states that some energy is lost as unusable heat during chemical reactions.

Fill in the Blank

ATP hydrolysis provides the energy for a cell’s ___ reactions.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of ATP?

• ATP consists of a ribose sugar, adenine, and three phosphate groups.

• ATP consists of a ribose sugar, guanine, and two phosphate groups.

• ATP consists of a deoxyribose sugar, adenine, and three phosphate groups.

• ATP consists of a ribose sugar, cytosine, and one phosphate group.

Open Ended

Explain how the hydrolysis of ATP provides energy for cellular processes.

Fill in the Blank

The sodium-potassium pump moves ___ sodium ions out of the cell and ___ potassium ions into the cell.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about enzymes is/are correct?

• Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions.

• Enzymes are always proteins.

• Enzymes can catalyze multiple reactions at once.

• Enzymes bind with reactant molecules to promote bond-breaking and bond-forming processes.

Multiple Choice

How does the 3D shape of an enzyme contribute to its specificity for substrates?

• Enzymes can bind to any molecule regardless of shape.
• The 3D shape of an enzyme has no effect on its function.
• The 3D shape of an enzyme allows it to specifically bind to substrates due to the complementary fit between the enzyme's active site and the substrate.
• Enzymes only work in a two-dimensional environment.