Unit 3 Note Review

​3

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly describes the base pairing in DNA?

• A pairs with T, C pairs with G

• A pairs with C, T pairs with G

• A pairs with G, T pairs with C

• A pairs with T, C pairs with T

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the primary function of nucleic acids in cells?

• Store genetic information

• Provide structural support

• Catalyze metabolic reactions

• Transport molecules across membranes

Multiple Select

Select all correct statements about complementary base pairing in nucleic acids.

• Adenine pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds

• Cytosine pairs with guanine via three hydrogen bonds

• Purines pair with purines

• Pyrimidines pair with pyrimidines

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a nitrogenous base found in RNA but not in DNA?

• Thymine

• Adenine

• Uracil

• Cytosine

Multiple Choice

Based on the comparison chart, which of the following statements are true about DNA and RNA?

• DNA contains ribose sugar, while RNA contains deoxyribose.

• DNA is usually single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded.

• DNA uses thymine as a nitrogenous base, while RNA uses uracil.

• DNA has a short lifespan, while RNA is more stable.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in organisms?

• Carrying oxygen in blood

• Providing genetic instructions

• Acting as enzymes

• Forming structural components like collagen

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about RNA is/are correct?

• RNA is the information carrier

• RNA is the active cell machinery

• RNA is the information storage

• RNA is the link between DNA and protein

Open Ended

Explain the role of codons and amino acids in the process of translation.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are components of RNA?

• Ribose, Phosphate, Adenine, Uracil

• Deoxyribose, Phosphate, Thymine, Guanine

• Ribose, Phosphate, Thymine, Cytosine

• Deoxyribose, Phosphate, Adenine, Uracil

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

• Messenger RNA (mRNA)

• Transfer RNA (tRNA)

• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

• Micro RNA (miRNA)

Open Ended

Describe the differences in structure and function between mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

Multiple Choice

Which process involves the conversion of DNA into mRNA, and what is the next step that leads to protein formation?

• Transcription followed by Translation

• Replication followed by Transcription

• Translation followed by Replication

• Transcription followed by Replication

Multiple Choice

A mutation is defined as:

• A change in the cell's structure

• Anything that changes in an embryo

• Any change in the physical features of a human

• A change in the DNA sequence

Multiple Choice

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Frameshift

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?

• Insertions only

• Substitution only

• Deletion only

• Insertions and Deletions

Multiple Choice

Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?

• They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

• They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

• They often delete things that organisms need.

• Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

Multiple Choice

Which mutation will cause translation to stop?

• Mutations 1 and 3 only

• Mutation 1 only

• Mutation 2 only

• Muations 1, 2, 3