ch13_3.ppt

Open Ended

Why is the idea that 'everything pulls on everything else' significant in understanding the universe?

Multiple Choice

What did Isaac Newton discover about gravity that was different from what people believed at his time?

• Gravity is a universal force, not unique to Earth

• Gravity only exists on Earth

• Gravity was first discovered by Newton

• Gravity is caused by falling apples

Multiple Choice

According to Newton, why does the moon fall toward Earth just like an apple falls from a tree?

• Because both are pulled by Earth's gravity

• Because the moon is heavier than the apple

• Because the apple is attracted to the moon

• Because of air resistance

Multiple Choice

How did Newton use the concept of inertia to understand the motion of objects?

• He realized that objects move in circles naturally

• He believed that objects stop unless pushed

• He understood that without an outside force, objects continue in a straight line at constant speed

• He thought that gravity only affects falling objects

Open Ended

Describe the significance of Newton observing the apple fall while sitting under the apple tree. How did this observation contribute to his understanding of gravity?

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements are correct about Newton's insights regarding the moon and the apple?

• The moon circles Earth because of a force

• Circular motion is accelerated motion, which requires a force

• The moon follows a straight-line path around Earth

• Newton realized the moon is falling toward Earth like the apple

Fill in the Blanks

What was Newton’s reasoning about the apple falling from the tree?

Fill in the Blanks

The moon is actually falling toward Earth but has great enough

velocity to avoid hitting Earth.

Multiple Choice

According to Newton, what would happen to the moon if it did not 'fall' toward Earth?

• It would crash into Earth

• It would move in a straight line and leave its orbit

• It would stop moving

• It would speed up and orbit faster

Open Ended

Explain the concept of 'falling around Earth' as it applies to the moon's motion. How does this differ from simply falling toward Earth?

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about Newton's cannonball hypothesis are correct?

• A cannonball fired with a small horizontal speed will follow a parabolic path and hit Earth.

• A cannonball fired fast enough will circle Earth indefinitely.

• A cannonball fired faster will hit Earth farther away.

• A cannonball fired slowly will escape Earth's gravity.

Fill in the Blanks

This original drawing by Isaac Newton shows how a projectile fired fast enough would fall around Earth and become an Earth

.

Open Ended

Describe how tangential velocity prevents the moon from crashing into Earth, using the concept of gravity and motion.

Multiple Choice

Both the moon and an orbiting cannonball have a component of velocity parallel to Earth's surface. What is this component called?

• Radial velocity

• Tangential velocity

• Orbital velocity

• Linear velocity

Multiple Choice

According to Newton, what factor determines how far an object falls, whether it is the moon or an apple at Earth's surface?

• Its mass

• Its distance from Earth's center

• Its speed

• Its volume

Open Ended

Explain why Newton believed the gravitational attraction to Earth must be 'diluted' by distance when considering the moon's motion compared to an apple's fall.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements are correct regarding Newton's calculation of the moon's fall?

• Newton calculated the moon should fall 1.4 mm in one second.

• Newton's value was very different from what is accepted today.

• Newton was unsure about the exact Earth-moon distance.

• Newton considered the distance between the centers of Earth and the moon.

Open Ended

What does the diagram on the fifth slide illustrate about the moon's motion in its orbit due to gravity?

Fill in the Blanks

The moon falls

millimeters below the straight-line distance it would travel in one second due to gravity.

Fill in the Blanks

Newton's law of universal gravitation states that all objects in the universe

each other.

Open Ended

Why doesn’t the moon hit Earth?

Fill in the Blanks

The planets continually "

" around the sun in closed paths.

Open Ended

Describe how the motion of the planets around the sun is similar to the motion of the moon around Earth.

Multiple Choice

According to Newton’s theory of gravity, what would happen if the tangential velocities of the planets were reduced to zero?

• They would crash into the sun

• They would orbit faster

• They would move away from the sun

• Nothing would happen

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains why the planets do not crash into the sun?

• Because of their tangential velocity around the sun

• Because the sun repels them

• Because they are too far away

• Because of their size

Open Ended

What theory of the solar system did Newton’s theory of gravity confirm?

Open Ended

After learning about universal gravitation, what is one question you still have or something you would like to explore further?

Multiple Choice

How did Isaac Newton's understanding of gravity differ from the common belief of his time?

• He believed gravity was only on Earth.

• He discovered gravity for the first time.

• He realized gravity is a universal force, not unique to Earth.

• He thought gravity did not exist.