ch18_2.ppt

Multiple Choice

Which of the following properties can be used to describe solids?

• Crystal structure, density, and elasticity

• Color and taste

• Temperature and pressure

• Volume and mass

Open Ended

How has the discovery of atoms changed our understanding and use of solid materials?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following minerals are mentioned as examples of having crystal structures?

• Quartz, mica, galena

• Salt, sugar, sand

• Diamond, graphite, coal

• Copper, gold, silver

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best explains why the shape of a crystal mirrors the geometric arrangement of atoms within the crystal?

• Because the atoms are randomly arranged in the crystal.

• Because the atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating geometric pattern.

• Because the atoms are arranged in a circular pattern.

• Because the atoms are arranged in layers.

Open Ended

Describe how X-rays contributed to the discovery and study of crystal structures in solids.

Open Ended

What information can be obtained from the size and arrangement of the spots in an X-ray pattern of a crystal?

Multiple Choice

In the model of a sodium chloride crystal shown, what do the large spheres represent?

• Chloride ions

• Sodium ions

• Water molecules

• Oxygen atoms

Open Ended

Explain how the crystal structures of metals such as iron, copper, and gold compare to those of tin and cobalt.

Open Ended

What determines the shape of a crystal?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes density?

• The amount of mass per unit volume

• The total mass of an object

• The total volume of an object

• The amount of space between atoms

Multiple Select

When a loaf of bread is squeezed and its volume decreases, what happens to its density? Select all that apply.

• The density increases

• The density decreases

• The mass stays the same

• The volume increases

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best explains why a pure iron nail and a pure iron frying pan have the same density?

• Because they have the same mass

• Because they have the same volume

• Because the mass per unit volume is the same for both

• Because they contain the same number of iron atoms

Multiple Choice

Why does iridium have a greater density than gold or uranium, even though its atoms are less massive?

• Iridium atoms are larger in size

• Iridium atoms are spaced farther apart

• Iridium atoms are packed more closely together

• Iridium atoms have more electrons

Multiple Choice

Based on the table of densities, which of the following solids has the lowest density?

• Ice

• Pine wood

• Balsa wood

• Graphite

Open Ended

Explain how temperature and pressure can affect the density of a substance. Provide an example from the slides.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about specific gravity is correct?

• Specific gravity has units of g/cm³

• Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a material to the density of water

• Specific gravity is always less than 1

• Specific gravity is only used for solids

Open Ended

Which has greater density—1 kg of water or 10 kg of water? 5 kg of lead or 10 kg of aluminum?

Multiple Choice

What is the density of any amount of water at 4°C?

• 1.00 g/cm³

• 10.0 g/cm³

• 0.10 g/cm³

• 4.00 g/cm³

Open Ended

The density of gold is 19.3 g/cm³. What is its specific gravity?

Open Ended

What determines the density of a material?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes elasticity?

• The ability of a body to change shape and return to its original shape after a deforming force is removed

• The ability of a body to conduct electricity

• The ability of a body to resist heat

• The ability of a body to dissolve in water

Open Ended

How has the discovery of atoms and their interactions changed our understanding and use of solid materials?