10.fluid_imbalance_summary.Ammend

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the physiological role of water in the human body?

• It acts only as a waste product.

• It is essential for cellular function and homeostasis.

• It is not involved in nutrient transport.

• It only helps in temperature regulation.

Multiple Choice

Why is maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance important for overall health?

• It prevents the need for regular exercise and a balanced diet.
• It helps in improving memory and cognitive function.
• It is essential for muscle growth and development.
• It is important for regulating bodily functions and preventing health issues.

Multiple Choice

Which physiological roles does water play in the human body?

• It acts as a medium for metabolism, nutrient transport, lubrication, insulation, and temperature regulation.

• It only helps in digestion.

• It is only important for temperature regulation.

• It is not involved in nutrient transport.

Fill in the Blanks

The average fluid intake in 24 hours is

mls.

Multiple Choice

Based on the table, which sources contribute to the average daily fluid intake and output in the human body?

• Oral fluids, food, metabolism

• Only oral fluids

• Only food and metabolism

• Only metabolism

Open Ended

Compare the characteristics and clinical importance of intracellular and extracellular fluids.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are considered cations among body fluid electrolytes?

• Sodium, potassium, calcium, hydrogen

• Chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate

• Proteins and glucose

• Magnesium and phosphate

Open Ended

Explain the clinical importance of understanding osmosis and tonicity in intravenous fluid administration.

Multiple Choice

Which type of solution causes a cell to shrink due to water loss?

• Isotonic solution

• Hypotonic solution

• Hypertonic solution

• Neutral solution

Fill in the Blanks

Active transport requires

to move substances against concentration gradients.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about diffusion and active transport is/are correct?

• Passive diffusion moves solutes from low to high concentration.

• Facilitated diffusion requires energy expenditure.

• Active transport requires ATP to move substances against concentration gradients.

• Facilitated diffusion uses carrier proteins to transport larger molecules.

Open Ended

Describe how the body maintains homeostasis in response to increased solute concentration and water loss.

Multiple Choice

Which hormone is released by the heart to promote sodium excretion and vasodilation during high blood pressure?

• ADH

• Aldosterone

• ANP

• Renin

Open Ended

Explain how clinical manifestations and diagnostic indicators help in identifying fluid volume deficit.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are common causes of fluid volume deficit?

• Vomiting and diarrhea

• Excessive water intake

• SIADH

• Low blood pressure

Fill in the Blanks

Treatment for dehydration includes fluid and electrolyte replacement using oral rehydration

.

Multiple Select

Which of the following symptoms are associated with severe dehydration?

• Extreme thirst

• Dry mucous membranes

• Sunken eyes

• Increased urine output

Multiple Choice

SIADH leads to which of the following conditions?

• Hyponatremia

• Hyperkalemia

• Hypercalcemia

• Hypernatremia