Ch. 4 Skin Disorders and Diseases

Multiple Choice

All of the following are reasons cosmetologists should understand the skin's structure and common skin problems EXCEPT ___________.

• Providing skin care services requires an understanding of the skin's structure and common skin problems.

• Recommending appropriate skin care preparations to clients requires thorough knowledge of the skin and potential disorders.

• Recognizing when salon services can be safely performed is crucial to managing a safe practice

• Recommending medications to treat skin conditions requires an understanding of common skin disorders.

Multiple Choice

All of the following are examples of primary lesions EXCEPT _________.

• cysts

• pustules

• ulcers

• tumors

Multiple Choice

All the following are examples of secondary lesions EXCEPT ________.

• macules

• crusts

• scales

• fissures

Multiple Choice

Which sentence best describes visible differences in lesions that can be used to classify the lesion as either a primary or a secondary lesion?

• Primary lesions are a different color than the surrounding skin, whereas secondary lesions have an accumulation of material on the skin surface.

• Primary lesions are typically red or pink in color, whereas secondary lesions typically appear gray or purple in color.

• Primary lesions are closed wounds, whereas secondary lesions discharge watery fluid or pus.

• Primary lesions are flat compared to the surrounding skin, whereas secondary lesions protrude above the surface of the surrounding skin.

Multiple Choice

Which sentence best describes the difference between an open comedo and a closed comedo?

• An open comedo is a lesion from which pus has discharged onto the skin surface, whereas a closed comedo is a lesion in which pus is still contained in the lesion.

• An open comedo is a lesion with a visible opening in the skin, whereas a closed comedo is a lesion without a visible opening in the skin.

• An open comedo is a whitehead in which the sebum has been exposed to the environment, whereas a clsoed comedo is a blackhead in which the sebum has not been exposed to the environment.

• An open comedo is a blackhead in which the sebum has been exposed to the environment, whereas a closed comedo is a whitehead in which the sebum has not been exposed to the environment.

Multiple Choice

_______ are keratin-filled cysts that are usually associated with newborns and are commonly found around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead.

• Milia

• Moles

• Skin tags

• Cicatrixes

Multiple Choice

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness is called _______.

• acne rosacea

• impetigo

• scale dermatitis

• seborrheic dermatitis

Multiple Choice

Contrast the treatment you would recommend to a client for anhidrosis versus the treatment for bromhidrosis.

• Anhidrosis can be improved by using a hydrating sunscreen, whereas bromhidrosis is unaffected by UV radiation.

• Anhidrosis can be improved with a mild exfoliating treatment, whereas bromhidrosis treatment is outside the scope of a cosmetology license and requires a medial referral.

• Anhidrosis can be life threatening and should be referred to a medical professional, whereas bromhidrosis only requires a medical referral in severe cases.

• Anhidrosis can be helped by using a nonfatty skin care product, whereas bromhidrosis can be helped by exfoliation.

Multiple Choice

What is the name given to the chronic skin disease characterized by moderate to severe inflammation, scaling, and sometimes severe itching?

• conjunctivitis

• rosacea

• impetigo

• eczema

Multiple Choice

A client has an appointment for a facial and asks whether to reschedule. There is a new lesion on the nostril in the same place where there previously was a lesion that lasted for 3 weeks. What is a likely explanation for this lesion?

• It is a bacterial infection of Staphylococccus causing the weeping lesions of impetigo around the nasal passages.

• It is a case of rosacea that appears on the cheeks and nose and can present as pustular-type breakouts.

• It is the skin cancer squamos cell carcinoma, which is characterized by scaly red or pink papules or nodules.

• It is a viral infection of herpes simplex 1, which often presents as a recurring vesicle on the lips, nostrils, or other part of the face.

Multiple Choice

Which description best matches a keratoma?

• red patches covered with silver-white scales

• a small spot or blemish on the skin

• a superficial, thickened patch of epidermis

• a small brown or flesh-colored skin outgrowth

Multiple Choice

Which skin hypertrophy is characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales?

• psoriasis

• keratoma

• verruca

• eczema

Multiple Choice

Which skin pigmentation change is a hormonal disorder that appears during pregnancy or with the use of birth control pills?

• nevus

• lentigines

• chloasma

• melasma

Multiple Choice

How is nevus like vitiligo?

• Nevus and vitiligo are both skin disorders that result from repeated pressure or friction on the skin.

• Nevus and vitiligo are both skin pigment disorders.

• Nevus and vitiligo are both skin disorders caused by damage to the skins surface, such as a burn or a scar.

• Nevus and vitiligo are both skin disorders caused by cumulative sun exposure.

Multiple Choice

All of the following contribute to acne development EXCEPT _______.

• Propionibacterium acne (P. acnes) on the surface of the skin

• overproduction of sebum by the sebaceous glands

• hereditary tendency for skin to retain dead cells in the follicle

• obstructions blocking oxygen from the bottom of the follicle

Multiple Choice

The following are all treatments for mild forms of acne EXCEPT _________.

• exfoliation treatments that gently slough dead skin cells

• harsh facial cleansers that remove the buildup of sebum

• foamy rinse-off products that remove dirt, debris, and oil

• toners that treat excessively oily skin

Multiple Choice

Which example  is an intrinsic factor that influences skin aging?

• overuse of harsh facial cleansers that dry out the sebaceous glands

• use of cosmetic products that contain large amounts of oil that clog follicles

• extended use of hormonal birth control pills

• repetitive facial expressions

Multiple Choice

What is one way that sun exposure negatively affects the skin?

• The natural weakening of collagen and elastin fibers happens at a much faster rate.

• The sudoriferous glands discharge foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet

• The epidermis acquires superficial thickening in patches.

• The skin develops hypopigmented spots and splotches.

Multiple Choice

All of the following can affect the amount of time that a sunscreen offers protection to the skin EXCEPT ________.

• overuse of alcoholic beverages

• the altitude of the location

• the clothing worn

• the time of day

Multiple Choice

The following are all changes that occur over time in existing moles and could be indications that the mole is cancerous EXCEPT ________.

• The mole's edges are ragged or notched.

• One half of the mole does not match the other half.

• Large, dark hairs grow out of the mole.

• The mole's color is not the same all over.

Multiple Choice

What type of skin inflammation is caused by contact with certain ingredients or chemicals?

• contact dermatitis

• eczema

• psoriasis

• seborrheic dermatitis

Multiple Choice

_______ is an allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance.

• Sensitization

• Impetigo

• Anhidrosis

• Conjunctivitis

Multiple Choice

All of the following are recommended to help cosmetologists prevent contact dermatitis EXCEPT ______.

• Wear gloves when working with irritating chemicals.

• Keep brush handles, containers, and tabletops clean and free from product, dust, and residue.

• Keep tools, equipment, and surfaces clean and disinfected.

• Sensitize the skin to the irritant by exposing it to larger and larger amounts.