Urinary disorders 24/25

Multiple Choice

What does Pyelonephritis refer to?

• Inflammation and infection

• Inflammation of glomerulus

• Inflammation of interstitial tissue

• Infection of the bladder

Multiple Choice

Leptospirosis is an example of which type of nephritis?

• Pyelonephritis

• GlomeruloNephritis

• Interstitial Nephritis

• Nephritis

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is commonly found at high levels in biochemistry diagnostics for kidney issues?

• Urea, creatinine, and phosphorus

• Glucose, insulin, and potassium

• Calcium, sodium, and chloride

• Iron, magnesium, and zinc

Multiple Choice

Which symptom is commonly associated with Acute Renal Failure?

• Oliguria/anuria

• Increased appetite

• Weight gain

• Excessive sweating

Multiple Choice

Which drug protects the heart from the effects of hyperkalaemia but does not actually lower the potassium level?

• Calcium gluconate

• Glucose

• Neutral insulin

• Potassium chloride

Multiple Choice

What is the role of glucose in reducing serum potassium?

• It stimulates the body to release insulin, driving potassium from the bloodstream into cells.

• It directly lowers potassium levels in the blood.

• It increases potassium absorption in the intestines.

• It blocks potassium channels in the heart.

Multiple Choice

Which drug reduces serum potassium levels by driving it into cells?

• Neutral insulin

• Calcium gluconate

• Glucose

• Sodium bicarbonate

Multiple Choice

Why is glucose typically given at the same time as neutral insulin?

• To prevent hypoglycaemia

• To increase potassium levels

• To protect the heart

• To reduce blood pressure

Multiple Choice

Which of the following drugs does NOT actually lower the potassium level in the blood?

• Calcium gluconate

• Glucose

• Neutral insulin

• Insulin glargine

Multiple Choice

Which drug is a calcium channel blocker used to treat systemic hypertension?

• Amlodipine

• Omeprazole

• Maropitant

• Mirtazapine

Multiple Choice

Which drug is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that may be administered for supportive treatment?

• Benazepril

• Amlodipine

• Mirtazapine

• Maropitant

Multiple Choice

Which antiemetic is used to manage nausea or vomiting?

• Maropitant

• Omeprazole

• Benazepril

• Amlodipine

Multiple Choice

Which proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is used with uraemia and GI ulceration/haemorrhage?

• Omeprazole

• Mirtazapine

• Amlodipine

• Benazepril

Multiple Choice

Which antidepressant is used to increase appetite?

• Mirtazapine

• Omeprazole

• Amlodipine

• Maropitant

Multiple Choice

Why are male cats more likely to be affected by urethral blockage compared to female cats?

• Because male cats have a narrower urethra

• Because male cats drink less water

• Because male cats have larger kidneys

• Because male cats eat more food

Multiple Choice

What is urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence?

• Inability of the urethral sphincter to maintain closure of the bladder neck, causing urinary leakage.

• Excessive contraction of the urethral sphincter, causing urinary retention.

• Infection of the urethral sphincter, causing pain during urination.

• Enlargement of the bladder neck, causing increased urine output.

Multiple Choice

Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence is most common in which group of dogs?

• Spayed bitches, especially large breeds (e.g., Doberman, Boxer, Labrador)

• Intact male dogs, especially small breeds

• Young puppies of any breed

• Elderly male cats