The Enlightenment and Revolution in the Americas U5LA

Multiple Choice

Thomas Hobbes was a philosopher from

• Germany
• England
• France
• Spain

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He was greatly influenced by the events of the ​

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which began in the 1640s

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Hobbes pioneered the idea of a social contract, which was an agreement between​ ​ ​

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Multiple Choice

And therefore if any two men desire the same thing, which nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies; and in the way to their End, . . . endeavour to destroy, or subdue one an other. [Hence, life in the state of nature is] . . . nasty, brutish, and short.

Hobbes calls life in the state of nature “nasty, brutish, and short,” because

• people are powerless and weak. 

• government is overbearing and abusive.

•  government is powerless and useless.

• people must constantly fight enemies. 

Multiple Choice

The finall Cause, End, or Designe of men, (who naturally love Liberty, and Dominion over others,) in the introduction of that restraint upon themselves, (in which we see them live in Common-wealths,) is . . . getting themselves out from that miserable condition of Warre, which is necessarily consequent (as hath been shewn) to the naturall Passions of men, when there is no visible Power to keep them in awe.

According to Hobbes, why do people form social contracts to “live in Common-wealths”? 

• to escape the miserable condition of war and establish security and order.
• to avoid the responsibilities of governance.
• to create a society based on individualism.
• to gain wealth and power over others.

Multiple Select

Which of these would be acceptable forms of government, according to Locke? Select all that apply.

• a dictatorship 

• a representative democracy 

• a constitutional monarchy 

• an absolute monarchy 

Categorize

Options (7)

He Favored absolute rule

"Life is nasty, brutish, and short

People are natrually selfish.

People are naturally reasonable

People have "natural Rights"

He opposed absolute rule

"rulers must respect rights"

Organize these options into the right categories

Thomas Hobbes

John Locke

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Options (5)

Separation of powers

Checks and balances

Freedom of religion

Separation of Church and State

Belief in Democracy

Organize these options into the right categories

Montesquieu

Voltaire

Rousseau

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Enlightenment thinkers believed in forming a(n) ​ ​

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contract between people and their government.​

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They explained that the ​ ​

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  of citizens needed to be protected.

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They also wanted to 

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  powers in government.​

Multiple Choice

What goal did the American Revolution and the French Revolution have in common?

• to gain representation in government

• to reduce inequality between the classes

• to increase taxation for most citizens

• to gain independence from Britain

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This means that we believe these truths are

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. All people are born ​ ​

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and God has given people rights that ​

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be taken away.

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When the American Revolution was over, the US Constitution was written using ​

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ideas to organize the government.

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"We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created ​

Placeholder

."​

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equal

unequal

happy

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The Declaration of Independence states that the authority to govern belongs to the ​

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rather than to kings and that all ​​

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are created equal and have rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

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The revolution that resulted in the creation of a democratic republic was the ​ ​

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Match

Match the following

• an intellectual movement in which philosophers

  changed society’s values to include the value of the individuals

• Philosopher John Locke’s belief in each person’s right to life, liberty, and property

• French Enlightenment thinkers

• a gathering of influential people for the discussion of ideas

• an agreement to give up some personal freedoms

  in exchange for protection from a government or ruler

Enlightenment

natural rights

Philosophe

salon

social contract

• Enlightenment

• natural rights

• Philosophe

• salon

• social contract

Match

Match the following

• end or disband

• an event or process that results in a fundamental change

• a system that allows a person or group to speak for others

• unable to be separated from something

• a form of government that requires monarchs to rule according to a written plan of government

Dissolve

Revolution

Representation

Unalienable

Constitutional Monarchy

• Dissolve

• Revolution

• Representation

• Unalienable

• Constitutional Monarchy