Chapter 13

Multiple Choice

Which of the following nutrients is most important for proper tooth calcification?

• Calcium

• Vitamin C

• Iron

• Vitamin D

Open Ended

How can a well-formed craniofacial complex impact an individual's future health?

Multiple Choice

Which three phases of life can a clinician assess for nourishment by examining a patient’s oral cavity?

• Infancy, adolescence, adulthood

• Fetal development, pre-eruption of permanent teeth, post-eruption of permanent teeth

• Childhood, adulthood, old age

• Pre-eruption of primary teeth, post-eruption of primary teeth, adulthood

Multiple Select

Which of the following are components of the craniofacial complex?

• Cranium

• Oral tissues

• Bones of the face

• All of the above

Open Ended

Explain how the cranium and its associated structures contribute to communication with the world.

Multiple Choice

During which period does the environment have the greatest impact on the developing embryo?

• Postnatal period

• Critical period

• Adulthood

• Pre-eruption period

Open Ended

Describe how nutrition affects the development of periodontal tissues and their resistance to bacterial invasion.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the oral cavity is a site for systemic disease manifestations?

• Rapid cellular turnover rate

• Constant assault by microorganisms

• Trauma intense environment

• Low blood supply

Open Ended

Explain how nutritional deficiencies can manifest in the oral cavity and which areas are typically affected first.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following nutrients are listed as important for oral health?

• Vitamin A

• Vitamin D

• Vitamin K

• All of the above

Open Ended

Compare the roles of Vitamin A and Vitamin D in maintaining oral health, citing their effects on tissues and immunity.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a consequence of B-complex vitamin deficiency during the pre-eruptive stage?

• Neural tube defects

• Beriberi

• Pellagra

• Scurvy

Multiple Choice

Match the following B-complex vitamins with their associated deficiency symptoms in the post-eruptive stage: B1, B2, B3, B12.

• B1 - Beriberi; B2 - Angular chelosis; B3 - Pellagra; B12 - Pernicious anemia

• B1 - Pellagra; B2 - Beriberi; B3 - Angular chelosis; B12 - Burning tongue

• B1 - Burning tongue; B2 - Pellagra; B3 - Beriberi; B12 - Greasy, red, scaly lesion

• B1 - Angular chelosis; B2 - Burning tongue; B3 - Greasy, red, scaly lesion; B12 - Pain with eating

Open Ended

Explain the role of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) in oral health during both pre-eruptive and post-eruptive stages.

Multiple Choice

Which mineral is incorporated into developing teeth to add strength and continues to protect against dental caries after eruption?

• Fluoride

• Iodine

• Zinc

• Protein

Multiple Choice

What condition can result from excessive fluoride intake pre-eruptively?

• Dental fluorosis

• Dental caries

• Weak teeth

• Stunted growth

Open Ended

Compare the roles of iodine and protein in pre-eruptive development. How do their deficiencies affect growth and tissue formation?

Multiple Select

Which of the following are effects of zinc deficiency?

• Delay in wound healing

• Thickening of epithelium of tongue

• Decrease in sensation of taste

• Dental fluorosis

Multiple Select

Which environmental factors can negatively influence tooth development? Select all that apply.

• Lead exposure

• Cotinine from second-hand smoke

• Tetracycline ingestion during development

• High levels of naturally occurring fluoride

Multiple Choice

Which of the following nutrients is necessary for proper tooth calcification?

• Vitamin C

• Calcium

• Iron

• Vitamin D

Open Ended

Explain the difference between pre-eruptive and posteruptive nutrition in the development and maintenance of oral structures.