Kinetic Molecular Theory

​The Kinetic Theory of Matter

Draw

Which of the pictures shows molecules at a hotter temperature?

​When mutually attracting particles are far apart, their potential energy is higher because work must be done to pull them farther apart against their attractive force. This energy is stored as potential energy in the system.

​Why do particles far apart have more potential energy?

Multiple Choice

How does the mass of an object affect its thermal energy?

• Objects with more mass have more thermal energy if temperature is the same.

• Objects with less mass have more thermal energy if temperature is the same.

• Mass does not affect thermal energy.

• Thermal energy only depends on temperature, not mass.

Open Ended

In your own words, differentiate temperature and thermal energy.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains the significance of the kinetic theory of matter in understanding thermal energy?

• It describes how matter changes state due to chemical reactions.

• It explains how the movement of particles relates to temperature and energy.

• It focuses on the gravitational force between molecules.

• It is only relevant for solids and not for liquids or gases.

Match

Match the following terms with their definitions:

• Average Kinetic Energy

• Total Potential and Kinetic Energy

• Energy transferring from hot to cold

• Molecules are always in random motion

• The amount of heat needed to increase 1 degree Celsius

Temperature

Thermal Energy

Heat

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Specific Heat

• Temperature

• Thermal Energy

• Heat

• Kinetic Molecular Theory

• Specific Heat

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the kinetic molecular theory?

• All atoms are at rest in a solid state.

• Atoms in substances are in constant motion.

• Atoms only move when heated above 0°C.

• Atoms stop moving at room temperature.

Multiple Choice

How does temperature relate to the kinetic energy of particles in a substance?

• Temperature measures the total energy of the particles.

• Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of the particles.

• Temperature measures the potential energy of the particles.

• Temperature only measures energy in solids.

Multiple Select

Which of the following factors contribute to an increase in the thermal energy of a substance?

• Increase in kinetic energy of particles

• Increase in electromagnetic potential energy of particles

• Decrease in the number of particles

• Both increase in kinetic and potential energy of particles

Multiple Choice

Which material would need the most heat to raise its temperature? (Use the chart)

• solid water

• liquid water

• Tin

• Mercury

• Lead

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between temperature and thermal energy?

• Thermal energy increases as temperature increases because particles move faster.

• Thermal energy decreases as temperature increases because particles move slower.

• Temperature and thermal energy are not related.

• Thermal energy is only affected by the motion of the particles.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are true about thermal energy?

• It depends on both mass and temperature.

• A large object at low temperature can have more thermal energy than a small object at high temperature.

• Thermal energy is the same as temperature.

• Thermal energy only depends on the speed of particles.

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes how heat transfers between objects of different temperatures?

• Heat transfers from hot to cold until both objects reach the same temperature.

• Heat transfers from cold to hot until both objects reach the same temperature.

• Heat transfers only if both objects are made of the same material.

• Heat transfers only if both objects are at equilibrium.

Multiple Choice

Why does water take longer to heat up compared to gold when the same amount of heat is applied?

• Water has a higher specific heat than gold.

• Gold has a higher specific heat than water.

• Water and gold have the same specific heat.

• Water is a better conductor of heat than gold.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about specific heat is/are correct?

• Each material has its own specific heat.

• Specific heat is the heat energy required to raise the temperature of a gram of mass by one degree.

• Oceans take longer to heat and cool because of their specific heat.

• All materials store the same amount of heat energy.

Multiple Choice

How is temperature different from thermal energy?

• temperature is the kinetic energy, thermal energy is the potential energy

• temperature is how hot something is, and thermal energy is the amount of heat something has

• temperature is the average kinetic energy of an object, thermal energy is the total energy of an object

• temperature and thermal energy are the same thing

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has more thermal energy?

• a pool at 80 degrees celsius

• an ocean at 80 degrees celsius