7.8C Watershed

7.8C Watershed & 8.9C Erosion

Fill in the Blank

When clouds release rain, this part of the water cycle is called

.

Multiple Choice

What is the type of water that moves underground?

• surface water
• water table
• groundwater
• watershed

Multiple Choice

To what does the “X” in the diagram refer?

• a water table
• a watershed
• a floodplain
• a divide

Multiple Choice

Watersheds are important because they

• prevent surface runoff

• increase the soils pore space

• prevents floods and provides fresh water

• removes salt from ocean water

Multiple Choice

Most water pollution is the result of __________________.

• natural processes

• animal waste

• human activities

• acid rain

How can human activity affect surface water in a watershed?

You have learned that fresh water makes up only a tiny portion of all the water on Earth. Fortunately, this water is renewable. Remember that water continually moves between the atmosphere and Earth’s surface in the water cycle. Even though fresh water is renewable, there is not always enough of it in a given place at a given time. Human activities can also reduce water supplies in an area.

1. Water Shortages

Water shortages occur when people use water faster than the water cycle can replace it. This is likely to happen during a drought, when an area gets less rain. Many places never receive enough rain to meet their needs, and so they use other methods to get water. Desert cities in Saudi Arabia get more than half of their fresh water by removing salt from ocean water, which is very expensive.

2. Pollution

• Household Sewage: The human wastes that are washed down sinks, showers, and toilets are called sewage. This is a contamination.

• Industry and Mining Wastes: Some plants, mills, factories, and mines produce wastes that can pollute water.

• Sediments: Water that causes erosion picks up sediments (rock & sand). Sediments can block sunlight, or damage habitats.

• Heat: Some factories and power plants release water that has been used to cool machinery.

• Oil and Gasoline: An oil spill can pour millions of gallons of oil and other chemicals into a body of water from a damaged well or a leaking tanker.

Multiple Choice

Rapid growth of algae in a pond is often the result of...

• excess nutrients from fertilizer runoff

• loss of habitat due to commercial building

• clogged river tributaries entering a lake

• flooding that causes water levels to rise

Multiple Choice

Large nets are used to capture fish. These nets often catch unnecessary species that are not used by humans. What change could lessen the negative effect of using large nets for commercial fishing?

• exploring new and uncharted areas of the ocean where the nets can be used

• using nets in deeper regions of the oceans where different organisms live

• designing nets that release unwanted species without harming them

• decreasing the size of the nets, but using more of them

Multiple Choice

The town of Winchester recently built an artificial body of water. This reservoir will store drinking water for the town. Which of the following could cause contamination of the water and lead to human health-related problems and loss of native species?

• development of a water quality plan

• improvements to a water treatment facility

• increased use of fertilizer to keep the vegetation growing

• building a fence around the reservoir

Multiple Choice

Which of the following human activities will have the greatest negative impact on the balance of organisms within ocean ecosystem?

• monitoring of major, global ocean currents

• recreational boating

• commercial fishing to provide food for humans

• mapping of the ocean floor by marine scientists

Multiple Choice

The line graph below shows the average amount of dissolved nutrients in a body of water each year from 1998 to 2003.
Which human activity most likely affected this body of water between 2000 and 2003?

• discharging warm water into the body of water
• adding chemical fertilizers to water
• burning fossil fuels
• dumping litter in the water

Multiple Choice

Acids have a pH value less than 7. Which substance is the strongest acid?

• milk

• bleach

• seawater

• lemon juice

Multiple Choice

What are all the factors that affect the amount of runoff?

• area receives, type of soil, shape of land, vegetation

• air, water, ice, dirt

• type of percipitation , shape of land, vegetation

Multiple Choice

Overflow during a heavy rainstorm from a wastewater treatment plant would result in...

• weakened housing foundations

• polluted runoff into nearby ponds

• flooding in the local aquifer

• over-treated drinking water

Watch the video on Erosion and Deposition

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_-fM8SKaCp0

• 
  

• --- Copy and paste the link if it does not hyperlink ---

Multiple Choice

Subsidence, or sinkholes due to weakened underground rock layers, is the result of humans...

• constructing highways through natural habitats

• excessively pumping water from aquifers

• building dams to change rivers flow

• Fertilizing crops with strong chemicals

Multiple Choice

Based on the information presented in the video, what would be a simple way to prevent erosion?

• Blocking the wind

• Planting trees

• Preventing rainfall

• Preventing the flow of rivers

Multiple Choice

Based on the information presented in the video, what can you infer about the type of erosion that formed the Grand Canyon?

• WInd erosion

• Water erosion

• Sandblasting

• Glacial erosion

Multiple Choice

Which of the following features would be most affected by weathering?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What type of changes does erosion cause?

• Physical changes

• Chemical changes

• Electrical changes

• Magnetic changes