ch 12 Nervous System

Multiple Choice

Which muscle fiber type is best suited for marathon running, and why is it significant for endurance activities?

• Slow-twitch fibers, because they are fatigue-resistant and use aerobic metabolism

• Fast-twitch fibers, because they generate quick bursts of power

• Intermediate fibers, because they combine features of both types

• Cardiac muscle fibers, because they are found in the heart

Open Ended

Describe the sequence of events that leads to muscle contracting.

Multiple Select

Which of the following structures are part of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

• Brain

• Spinal cord

• Ganglia

• Cranial nerves

Multiple Choice

Which major divisions of the nervous system are shown in the diagrams, and what are their primary components?

• Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and Spinal Cord; Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Peripheral Nerves

• Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain only; Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Spinal Cord only

• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Brain and Spinal Cord; Central Nervous System (CNS): Peripheral Nerves

• Central Nervous System (CNS): Peripheral Nerves; Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Brain and Spinal Cord

Open Ended

Describe the functional differences between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) as illustrated in the diagrams.

Open Ended

Explain the difference between sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) neurons using the terminology provided.

Multiple Select

Which terms from the provided list refer to types of neural tissue found in the nervous system?

• Gray matter

• White matter

• Ganglia

• Tract

Open Ended

Explain the role of astrocytes in maintaining the environment of the central nervous system.

Multiple Choice

Which neuroglial cell in the CNS is responsible for creating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

• Astrocyte

• Oligodendrocyte

• Microglia

• Ependymal cell

Multiple Choice

Which of the following neuroglial cells function as immune surveillance and phagocytosis in the CNS?

• Astrocyte

• Microglia

• Ependymal cell

• Schwann cell

Open Ended

Compare and contrast the functions of Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes in the nervous system.

Multiple Select

Select all correct statements about myelinated and unmyelinated fibers in the CNS.

• Both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers are present in the brain and spinal cord.

• Cell bodies and dendrites are myelinated.

• Myelin sheaths are made by oligodendrocytes in the CNS.

• Myelin sheath gaps are called Nodes of Ranvier.

Multiple Choice

Which structure is responsible for the formation of the myelin sheath around the axon?

• Oligodendrocyte

• Node of Ranvier

• Nucleus

• Dendrite

Multiple Select

Which of the following are components of the central nervous system (CNS) as shown in the images?

• Gray matter

• White matter

• Optic nerve

• Dendrites

Open Ended

Explain the difference between the nucleus in the brain and the nucleus of an atom, as illustrated in the images.

Multiple Choice

Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?

• Axon

• Dendrites

• Myelin sheath

• Node of Ranvier

Multiple Choice

Which type of neuron has only one process extending from its cell body?

• Multipolar neuron

• Unipolar neuron

• Bipolar neuron

• Oligodendrocyte

Multiple Choice

Which type of neuron is found in the cerebral cortex and is characterized by a pyramid-shaped cell body?

• Purkinje cell

• Olfactory cell

• Pyramidal cell

• Motor neuron

Open Ended

Compare and contrast afferent and efferent fibers in terms of the direction they carry electrical signals and the type of information they transmit.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following steps occurs first in the function of nervous tissue as shown in the diagram?

• Action potential in sensory axon

• Sensory endings in skin

• Sensory pathway reaches the cerebral cortex

• Upper motor neuron executes a motor command

Open Ended

Explain how the sodium-potassium pump contributes to the resting membrane potential in neurons.

Multiple Select

Based on the diagrams and explanations provided, which of the following are true about the function of protein channels in neuron membranes?

• They are always open regardless of cell state

• They allow ions to move along their concentration gradient when open

• They are responsible for generating action potentials

• The sodium-potassium pump helps re-establish resting membrane potential

Multiple Choice

How does the selective permeability of the cell membrane contribute to the electrical current in the body?

• It allows all ions to flow freely, creating no resistance.

• It prevents any ions from crossing the membrane, stopping current.

• It allows only certain ions to pass, creating a potential difference and resistance.

• It only allows electrons to flow, not ions.

Open Ended

Explain how gated-protein channels regulate the movement of ions across the cell membrane and why this regulation is important for cellular function.

Multiple Choice

Which muscle fiber type is best suited for marathon running, playing a full basketball game, and sprinting 100 meters?

• Slow-twitch fibers for marathon, fast-twitch fibers for sprint, mixed fibers for basketball

• Fast-twitch fibers for marathon, slow-twitch fibers for sprint, mixed fibers for basketball

• Mixed fibers for marathon, fast-twitch fibers for basketball, slow-twitch fibers for sprint

• Slow-twitch fibers for sprint, fast-twitch fibers for basketball, mixed fibers for marathon

Open Ended

Describe the sequence of events (in order) that leads to muscle contracting.