BIO110 Chapter 2

BIO110 Chapter 2

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Chapter Outline

Matter and Chemical Reactions

Periodic Table

Atomic Structure

Chemical Bonds

Properties of Water

pH Scale

Organic Compounds

Matter and Chemical Reactions

• a. Matter

• b. Atom

• c. Molecule

• d. Element

• e. Compound

• f. Chemical reactions

Open Ended

What defines something as "matter"? Hint- it's 2 things.

Open Ended

Last week you learned about the smallest unit of life, the cell. This week you learned the smallest unit of matter- which was what?

Open Ended

Give an example of an element

Open Ended

Give an example of a compound

Multiple Choice

In this chemical reaction, are the reactants on the right or the left?

• Right

• Left

Poll

Will we learn about chemical reactions in the biology class?

• yes

• no

Open Ended

Give an example of a chemical reaction that you will learn about in this course. (mentioned a couple in lecture)

Periodic Table

• What does each of these pieces mean? Where do you find them on the periodic table?

• i. Atomic symbol

• ii. Atomic number

• iii. Atomic weight/mass number

Fill in the Blanks

What is the atomic number of Carbon?

Fill in the Blanks

What is the chemical symbol for chlorine gas? (use proper casing)

Multiple Choice

The average mass of the element (protons and neutrons) is the:

• atomic number

• atomic weight

• ionization

• isotope

Atomic Structure

• a. Protons

• b. Neutrons

• c. Electrons

• d. Isotope

• e. Ion

Fill in the Blanks

Which subatomic particle determines an element's atomic number?

Open Ended

Which 2 subatomic particles add to the element's mass?

Open Ended

Electrons don't have a quantifiable mass, but they are important in determining what about an atom?

Fill in the Blanks

Isotopes are atoms with a different number of:

Poll

Isotopes are more or less stable than non-isotope atoms?

• more

• less

Fill in the Blanks

Atoms with an overall charge that is not neutral (either positive or negative) are known as:

Open Ended

We've discussed atoms with differing numbers of neutrons and electrons, but why do we not discuss atoms of an element with a different number of protons?

Chemical Bonds

• a. Covalent bonds – sharing of electrons

• i. Polar covalent ii. Nonpolar covalent

• b. Ionic bonds – one atom gives up electrons, one atom receives electrons

• c. Hydrogen bonds

Multiple Choice

What type of bond is this?

• Covalent

• Ionic

• Hydrogen

Multiple Choice

What type of bond is this?

• Covalent

• Ionic

• Hydrogen

Multiple Choice

What type of bond is this? (the dotted lines)

• Covalent

• Ionic

• Hydrogen

Multiple Choice

What type of bond is this?

• Polar Covalent

• Nonpolar Covalent

• Ionic

• Hydrogen

Multiple Choice

What type of bond is this?

• Polar Covalent

• Nonpolar Covalent

• Ionic

• Hydrogen

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the strongest type of bond?

• Covalent

• Ionic

• Hydrogen

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the weakest type of bond?

• Covalent

• Ionic

• Hydrogen

Open Ended

Your DNA has to be unzipped and re-zipped constantly for DNA replication. Knowing this, what type of bonds do you think hold together the two sides of the ladder of your DNA? (the dots circled in yellow)

Properties of Water

• a. Cohesion and adhesion

• b. Temperature regulation

• c. Universal solvent

• d. Ice is less dense than water

Multiple Choice

The ability for water molecules to be attracted to other water molecules is:

• Adhesion

• Cohesion

Multiple Choice

Which type of bonds allow for cohesion to be possible between water molecules?

• Polar Covalent bonds

• Nonpolar Covalent bonds

• Ionic bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

Multiple Choice

Water molecules bonding with other molecules (not more water) is known as:

• Adhesion

• Cohesion

Open Ended

Capillary action (the process of a liquid flowing in narrow spaces without the assistance of, or even in opposition to, external forces like gravity) is made possible by which essential property of water? Explain why you believe so.

Open Ended

Surface tension (as seen in the picture) is made possible by which essential property of water? Explain why you think so.

pH Scale

• a. What do the numbers on the scale mean?

• b. What is a buffer?

Fill in the Blanks

An aqueous solution is a substance dissolved in what?

Multiple Select

In any aqueous solution, some water molecules break apart into_______and _______.

• hydrogen ions (H⁺)

• Sodium chloride ions (NaCl)

• hydroxide ions (OH⁻)

• Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Multiple Choice

The pH scale ranges from:

• 0 to 7

• 7 to 14

• 1 to 14

• 0 to 14

Multiple Choice

A neutral pH is:

• 0

• 3

• 7

• 9

Multiple Choice

Acidic pH ranges from:

• n<7

• n>7

Multiple Choice

Lower H⁺ concentrations indicates the solution is

• Acidic

• Neutral

• Alkaline

Multiple Choice

Due to the fact that water is constantly dissociating in your body, buffers help minimize pH changes by:

• releasing neutral water

• accepting OH- ions

• accepting H+ ions

• donating electrons

Open Ended

If the buffers in our bloodstream were not working properly during and after exercise, what would happen during and after a workout?

Organic Compounds

• a. What is a functional group?

• b. Monomer vs polymer i. Hydrolysis vs dehydration synthesis

• c. Biologically important organic compounds – what is their importance for the body?

• - Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acid

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of functional groups?

• hydroxyl group

• amino group

• phosphate group

• carboxyl group

Multiple Choice

In the following diagram, which side of the equation represents monomers?

• Left of reaction arrow

• Right of reaction arrow

Multiple Choice

Does the following reaction diagram represent a hydrolysis or a dehydration synthesis reaction?

• Hydrolysis

• Dehydration synthesis

Multiple Choice

Building proteins from individual amino acids is a type of which kind of reaction?

• Hydrolysis

• Dehydration synthesis

Major Biological Molecules

Go complete the Biological Molecules graphic organizer to further your understanding of the 4 major molecules of life. You will describe each of their functions, the elements found in them, the monomer, the polymers, and more. This assignment can be found on your LMS page.