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Open Ended

Increased food production is essential to feed the growing human population. Some experts suggest that technology will be the answer. One application of technology is to clone a single plant to produce large numbers of it to grow as a single crop.

Explain how using cloning to produce a single crop could actually lead to a loss of the entire crop.

Multiple Choice

What significant discovery was made in 1978 regarding stem cells?

• Stem cells can form all types of blood cells

• Stem cells are only found in embryos

• Stem cells cannot regenerate

• Stem cells are only present in adults

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows an unidentified cell and its potential paths of differentiation. How is it possible for this to occur?

• Each cell contains different activated gene sequences in the DNA.

• Each cell contains amino acids that direct the traits displayed.

• Each cell contains amino acids that are unique to the cell.

• Each cell contains different strands of DNA chromosomes.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true about cell differentiation?

• Different cells contain different DNA, which leads to specialization

• All cells eventually reach G0 and stop dividing

• Different cells have the same DNA, but express different genes--leading to specialization

• Even though a cell is differentiated, it can always turn into another cell type

Multiple Choice

What are the four types of stem cells represented in the diagram?

• Totipotent

• Pluripotent

• Multipotent

• Unipotent

Reorder

Reorder the following

• zygote

• morula

• blastula

• gastrula

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

What are the types of cells that multipotent stem cells can differentiate into?

• B cells

• T cells

• Natural Killer cells

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

When a stem cell divides, it produces two daughter cells. One daughter cell will remain a stem cell, while the other daughter cell will differentiate into a specialized cell. Which factor will most directly determine what type of specialized cell will be produced?

• The size of the cell

• The length of the cell cycle

• The number of chromosomes that are replicated

• The genes that are expressed

Multiple Choice

What are the three germ layers that pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into?

• Ectoderm

• Mesoderm

• Endoderm

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What are the characteristics of embryonic stem cells as represented in the diagram?

• Immortal

• Normal Karyotype

• Tumorigenic

• Allogenic

Multiple Choice

What does it mean for a cell to be immortal?

• It can age and die

• It can differentiate into any cell type

• It can replicate indefinitely

• It can only survive in specific conditions

Multiple Choice

What are the applications of stem cells in medicine?

• Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)

• Research to study biological processes in organisms

• Research to discover and develop new drugs

• Cell-based therapy

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of therapeutic cloning as described in the image?

• To create identical organisms

• To avoid rejection risks

• To produce more stem cells

• To clone animals for research

Multiple Choice

What are the two main areas of research mentioned for studying biological processes in organisms?

• Growth and development of organisms

• Growth and development of cancer

• Effects of drugs on various networks

• Development of new drugs

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic of stem cells makes them useful for treating Stargardt’s disease?

• They can differentiate into retinal cells.

• They are readily available from especially created embryos.

• They transport white blood cells to the eyes.

• They divide by binary fission so provide sufficient cells.

Multiple Choice

What are the ethical issues that need to be considered regarding stem cell research?

• Moral accountability of human embryo research

• Violation of human rights

• Misuse of stem cells

• Permissibility of embryo use

Multiple Choice

What are the techniques and methods used for analyzing, manipulating, and engineering biological molecules at the molecular level?

• DNA analysis

• RNA manipulation

• Protein engineering

• Metabolite synthesis

Multiple Choice

The photograph shows a laboratory investigator examining samples of DNA in a procedure called PCR, or polymerase chain reaction. Using PCR, the investigator can create thousands or even millions of copies of a fragment of DNA for closer investigation. In which of these situations would PCR be most useful?

• When only a small amount of DNA is available, such as at a crime scene

• When the DNA of identical twins is being mapped

• When the genome of a population is being analyzed for preventable diseases

• When the blood type of a DNA donor is known

Multiple Choice

What is the main difference between RT-PCR and RT Sequencing?

• RT-PCR analyzes specific genes

• RT Sequencing analyzes all RNA

• RT-PCR is used for diagnostics

• RT Sequencing is faster

Multiple Choice

What is a potential risk of using viral vectors in gene therapy?

• They can cause allergic reactions.

• They may integrate randomly into the genome, possibly causing cancer.

• They can only carry very small genes.

• They are less efficient than non-viral vectors.

Poll

How confident do you feel about this topic now?

• Very confident
• Somewhat confident
• Not confident