8.5 Translation

Multiple Choice

Why is the process of translation important in living organisms?

• It helps in digestion of food

• It converts mRNA messages into proteins

• It stores genetic information

• It breaks down waste products

Open Ended

How does the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

Multiple Choice

Which codon serves as the start codon in translation, and what amino acid does it code for?

• AUG, methionine

• UAA, stop

• UAG, stop

• UGG, tryptophan

Open Ended

Explain how a change in the reading frame of codons affects the resulting protein.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about anticodons and tRNA is/are correct?

• An anticodon is a set of three nucleotides complementary to an mRNA codon.

• An anticodon is carried by a tRNA.

• An anticodon is part of the ribosome.

• An anticodon codes for amino acids directly.

Fill in the Blank

The ribosome consists of two subunits: the large subunit binds to ___ and the small subunit binds to mRNA.

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the ribosome during translation?

• It forms peptide bonds between amino acids.

• It synthesizes DNA.

• It transports tRNA out of the cell.

• It breaks down mRNA.

Open Ended

Describe the role of tRNA and the ribosome in initiating translation and forming a polypeptide chain.

Fill in the Blank

A codon is a sequence of ___ nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.

Open Ended

How does the process of translation convert an mRNA message into a protein?

Multiple Choice

What happens when the ribosome reaches a stop codon during translation?

• The ribosome continues to add amino acids.

• The ribosome releases the protein and disassembles.

• The ribosome starts transcription.

• The ribosome binds to another tRNA molecule.