Detectors

Multiple Choice

What is the significance of using solid-state detectors over germanium detectors for charged particles in modern physics experiments?

• Solid-state detectors have higher energy resolution and can operate at room temperature without excessive leakage current.

• Germanium detectors are more sensitive to gamma rays and have a larger density than silicon.

• Solid-state detectors are less expensive and easier to manufacture than germanium detectors.

• Germanium detectors are preferred for low-temperature experiments due to their conductivity.

Open Ended

Explain how the proportional counter and Geiger-Muller counter differ in their operation and the type of pulses they produce. Refer to the diagrams and descriptions provided.

Fill in the Blank

The efficiency of a Geiger-Muller counter is defined as the ratio of the observed counts/sec to the number of ionizing particles entering the counter per second. The formula for efficiency is ε = 1 - e^(-sp), where s is the specific ionization at one atmosphere, p is the pressure in atmospheres, and l is the path length of the ionization particle in the counter. The efficiency ε of a GM counter, as a function of pressure for air and hydrogen, is illustrated in Fig. 29.10. As the pressure increases, the efficiency ___ .