Ancient Greece Test Review

Multiple Choice

Who conquered an empire spanning from Greece to the Indus River?

• Philip II

• Socrates

• Alexander the Great

• Leonidas

Multiple Choice

Which of the following Greek philosophers tutored Alexander the Great?

• Socrates

• Plato

• Aristotle

• Archimedes

Multiple Choice

Which of the following Greek cultural contributors is matched with the wrong fact?

• Herodotus- Father of History

• Homer- Wrote the Iliad and Odyssey

• Hippocrates- Wrote comedic plays

• Phidias- made sculptures

Multiple Choice

What major structure of Ancient Athens is pictured here?

• Pyramids

• Hagia Sophia

• Parthenon

• Kaaba

Multiple Choice

Which city-state had control of the sea during the Peloponnesian Wars?

• Athens

• Sparta

• Corinth

• Argos

Multiple Choice

Athenian leader; he encouraged the spread of democracy and led Athens when the city was at its height. To encourage more citizens to participate in government, he paid those who served in public offices or on juries. His name was?

• Alexander the Great

• Pericles

• Socrates

• Herodotus

Multiple Choice

Athens's government is famous for being a....

• Democracy
• Monarchy

• Tyrrany
• Oligarchy

Page 113

Philosophy

Another common association with Athens is philosophy. The word “philosophy,” comes from a Greek word (philosophia) which means “the love of wisdom.” Socrates and Plato are two of the most well-known philosophers of the Golden Age. Socrates is credited with the Socratic method of teaching, while Plato wrote many philosophical works. His most famous written work is The Republic.

Multiple Choice

Philosopher, Socratic Method is

questioning to seek the truth using

reason. “know yourself”

• Socrates

• Plato

• Aristotle

Multiple Choice

Student of Socrates. Used reason to create a

perfect society. Wrote “The Republic”. Set up

a school called the Academy (lasted 900 years!)

• Socrates

• Plato

• Aristotle

Multiple Choice

Student of Plato. Set of a school called

the Lyceum. Did not trust democracy.

Used reasoning.

• Socrates

• Plato

• Aristotle

Science

Ancient Greece also produced many important thinkers in the realm of science. Hippocrates applied logic to the field of medicine and collected information on hundreds of patients. His work helped advance the understanding on what causes disease or death, and also swayed people away from believing in supernatural causes.

Math and science were also important in Athenian history. Much of what we learn in math and science classes today comes from Golden Age Athens. For example, Pythagoras developed the Pythagorean theorem while Euclid introduced the world to Geometry. The lever and pulley system was first explained by Archimedes, who also deducted the first accurate calculation of Pi (π).

Multiple Choice

Created the lever and pulley for

moving large and heavy objects

(physics)

• Archimedes

• Hippocrates

Multiple Choice

Studied medicine and cures.

Hippocratic Oath is the rule of ethics

for doctors. Father of Medicine

• Archimedes

• Hippocrates

Math

Ancient Greece also produced many important thinkers in the realm of science. Hippocrates applied logic to the field of medicine and collected information on hundreds of patients. His work helped advance the understanding on what causes disease or death, and also swayed people away from believing in supernatural causes.

Math and science were also important in Athenian history. Much of what we learn in math and science classes today comes from Golden Age Athens. For example, Pythagoras developed the Pythagorean theorem while Euclid introduced the world to Geometry. The lever and pulley system was first explained by Archimedes, who also deducted the first accurate calculation of Pi (π).

Multiple Choice

Wrote “The Elements”, the basis for

modern geometry

• Euclid

• Pythagoras

Multiple Choice

Investigated the relationship between

the sides of a right triangle.

• Euclid

• Pythagoras

Architecture

Aesthetics (beauty), logic, and order mattered very much to the Athenians. Fine architecture and sculpture became important in their society. Athenians put a lot of time, effort, and great amounts of money into these art forms. The Parthenon is the most well-known building of this era. It was made to honor the Greek goddess Athena. There were many other buildings and statues constructed in honor of the Athenians’ gods. Skilled artisans also built monuments to honor the memory of military victory, athletic events, and other occasions. Their buildings were unique and featured many types of pillars. The world still appreciates these pillars today, and you can see them replicated on many government and residential buildings.

Multiple Choice

Temple to Athena, located on the

Acropolis

• Parthenon

• Columns

Multiple Choice

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

• Parthenon

• Columns

Literature/Plays

The performers wore masks and would stand in a semicircle. Some performers even gained celebrity-like status. Two of the most famous stage performers of the Golden Age were Euripides and Sophocles.

Greek literature and drama have significantly shaped Western civilization, laying the groundwork for many artistic and philosophical movements that followed. Among the most notable figures in this field are playwrights Aristophanes and Euripides. Aristophanes, known for his comedic plays, often used satire to critique society, politics, and the powerful elite of his time. His works, such as "Lysistrata," not only entertained audiences but also provoked thought and discussion about important issues, including war and gender roles. On the other hand, Euripides is celebrated for his more dramatic and emotional approach, exploring the complexities of human nature and the struggles of women in society. His plays, like "Medea" and "Trojan Woman," delve into themes of love, revenge, and the consequences of passion, offering a profound understanding of moral dilemmas. Together, these playwrights exemplify the achievements of Greek literature and drama, illustrating how their works continue to influence contemporary storytelling and the arts.

Homer, a blind poet traditionally credited with composing the epics the Iliad and the Odyssey, used long narrative poems to teach Greek values such as courage, honor, loyalty, and the importance of heroism; his stories reflect the social and cultural life of early Greece, show how geography (islands, seas, and rugged coasts) shaped Greek seafaring and city‑state interactions, and helped form ideas about citizenship and excellence that influenced later Greek identity. Aeschylus, an early tragedian, wrote plays like The Oresteia that explore human suffering, justice, and the consequences of war—works shaped by the political life of Athens after the Persian Wars and by public debates about law and democracy.

Multiple Choice

Wrote tragedies about human

suffering. “The Oresteia” about the

Trojan War.

• Aeschylus

• Euripides

• Homer

• Sophocles

• Aristophanes

Multiple Choice

Wrote tragedies describing how

people, not gods, were the cause of

human suffering. “The Trojan

Women”

• Aeschylus

• Euripides

• Homer

• Sophocles

• Aristophanes

Multiple Choice

Blind poet who wrote epics to show

Greek values of courage and honor.

“Odyssey” and “Illiad”

• Aeschylus

• Euripides

• Homer

• Sophocles

• Aristophanes

Multiple Choice

Wrote tragedies about conflicts

between morals and laws. “Antigone”

• Aeschylus

• Euripides

• Homer

• Sophocles

• Aristophanes

Multiple Choice

Wrote comedies about society and

politics. “Lysistrata”

• Aeschylus

• Euripides

• Homer

• Sophocles

• Aristophanes

History (Historians)

The Athenians also valued the preservation of history. Even today, you can read the works of the Athenian historian Herodotus. He became known as the “father of history,” because he documented historical information spanning the Persian Wars along with his own travels. Another famous historian during this time was Thucydides. In addition to being a general in the Athenian Navy, he preserved the historical events of the Peloponnesian war. Xenophon was another soldier know for historical writing. He wrote about war tactics, politics, the general history of Greece, and even horse breeding.

Multiple Choice

Father of History. Wrote about the

Persian Wars. Stressed importance of

research.

• Herodotus

• Thucydides

Multiple Choice

Historian who wrote about the

Peloponnesus War

• Herodotus

• Thucydides

Art & Culture and Politics

A “golden age” is a time of peace, prosperity, and happiness, and often occurs when cultural activities such as art or writing reach a peak. The Greek city-state of Athens reached its Golden Age between 480-404 BCE. This era is also referred to as the Age of Pericles, for the Athenian statesman who led the city from 461-429 BCE.

During its Golden Age, Athens was an artistic and intellectual hub. If there was a new contribution in the arts or sciences during this era in Greece, chances are that it was the work of an Athenian.

Phidias was a celebrated ancient Greek sculptor who worked in Athens during the 5th century BCE and is credited with creating the massive chryselephantine (gold and ivory) statue of Athena that stood inside the Parthenon, as well as a renowned, life‑like statue of Zeus at Olympia—one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Phidias’s realistic portrayal of the human form and his integration of sculpture with architecture influenced Hellenistic artists after Alexander the Great’s conquests, spreading Greek artistic styles across the Mediterranean and Near East, and his legacy endures in modern art and architecture as an example of how ancient Greek contributions to sculpture and public art continue to shape cultural and aesthetic values today.

Multiple Choice

Sculptor in Athens. Created the statue

of Athena in the Parthenon. Also

created a life-like statue of Zeus

• Phidias

• Pericles

Multiple Choice

Led Athens during the golden age. Rebuilt

the Acropolis. Encourages participation in

democracy by all adult males.

• Phidias

• Pericles

Page 115

Directions

Complete all these steps in your notebook.

1 - Label each event with a letter or a number

2 - Write the letter/number that represents each event in order on the timeline.

3 - Choose 4 events and draw a simple picture on the timeline to represent each event.

• ​Sparta is founded (900 BCE)

• Peloponnesian War ends (404 BCE)

• End of Mycenaean Civilization (1,000 BCE)

• Battle of Salamis (480 BCE)

• First Olympic Games (776 BCE)

• Delian League is created (478 BCE)

• Darius I invades Greece (492 BCE)

• Homer writes the Iliad (762 BCE)

• Democracy begins in Athens (510 BCE)

• Solon takes power in Athens (594 BCE)

• Plato founds his Academy (380 BCE)

• Alexander the Great becomes ruler of Macedonia (336 BCE)

Reorder

Put in chronological order

• End of Mycenaean Civilization (1,000 BCE)

• Sparta is founded (900 BCE)

• First Olympic Games (776 BCE)

• Homer writes the Iliad (762 BCE)

• Solon takes power in Athens (594 BCE)

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Reorder

Put in chronological order

• Democracy begins in Athens (510 BCE)

• Darius I invades Greece (492 BCE)

• Battle of Salamis (480 BCE)

• Delian League is created (478 BCE)

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Reorder

Put in chronological order

• Peloponnesian War ends (404 BCE)

• Plato founds his Academy (380 BCE)

• Alexander the Great becomes ruler of Macedonia (336 BCE)

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3