DNA Mutations

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of mutation described in the slide?

• Substitution

• Insertion

• Deletion

• Replication

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an example of a mutagen?

• UV light

• Radiation

• Water

• Smoking

Open Ended

Explain how changes in the order of DNA bases can affect protein structure and function.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about point mutations is/are correct?

• Silent mutations do not change the amino acid sequence.

• Missense mutations change the amino acid sequence.

• Nonsense mutations result in a stop codon.

• Frameshift mutations are a type of point mutation.

Multiple Choice

What kind of mutation leads to sickle cell anemia?

• Silent mutation

• Missense mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Frameshift mutation

Open Ended

Where would a frameshift mutation cause the most change: at the beginning or end of a gene?

Multiple Choice

Which type of frameshift mutation is illustrated by the removal of a letter in the sequence, and what is its effect on the reading frame?

• Deletion; it shifts the reading frame and changes the downstream sequence.

• Insertion; it adds a new amino acid without affecting the reading frame.

• Substitution; it only changes one amino acid.

• Duplication; it repeats a section without shifting the frame.

Open Ended

Explain how the mutation in the CFTR gene leads to the symptoms observed in cystic fibrosis patients.

Open Ended

How might a mutation in DNA affect an organism, and can all mutations be passed to offspring?

Multiple Choice

What are the three main types of mutations described in DNA?

• Substitution, Insertion, Deletion

• Replication, Translation, Transcription

• Duplication, Translocation, Inversion

• Addition, Multiplication, Division

Multiple Choice

When an extra base is inserted into the DNA sequence of a gene, the protein doesn't work. Which explains why?

• the base increases rate of translation
• the base causes DNA to be transcribed in opposite direction
• the inserted base causes the codons in the sequence to be incorrect for the desired protein
• the base signals enzymes to translate DNA rather than RNA

Multiple Choice

What do helpful mutations do? 

• Increases chances of survival 
• Decreases changes of survival 
• Increases chances of developing cancer
• Decreases skills

Multiple Choice

Mutations are important because they bring about

• death of the organism in which they develop
• genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
• benefits for the individual, not for the population
• Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population