DNA Mutations

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of mutation described in the slide?

• Substitution

• Insertion

• Deletion

• Replication

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an example of a mutagen?

• UV light

• Radiation

• Water

• Smoking

Open Ended

Explain how changes in the order of DNA bases can affect protein structure and function.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about point mutations is/are correct?

• Silent mutations do not change the amino acid sequence.

• Missense mutations change the amino acid sequence.

• Nonsense mutations result in a stop codon.

• Frameshift mutations are a type of point mutation.

Multiple Choice

What kind of mutation leads to sickle cell anemia?

• Silent mutation

• Missense mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Frameshift mutation

Fill in the Blanks

Sickle cell anemia is primarily found in

populations.

Open Ended

Where would a frameshift mutation cause the most change: at the beginning or end of a gene?

Multiple Choice

Which type of frameshift mutation is illustrated by the removal of a letter in the sequence, and what is its effect on the reading frame?

• Deletion; it shifts the reading frame and changes the downstream sequence.

• Insertion; it adds a new amino acid without affecting the reading frame.

• Substitution; it only changes one amino acid.

• Duplication; it repeats a section without shifting the frame.

Fill in the Blanks

The amino acid

is deleted in many patients with cystic fibrosis, leading to defective CFTR protein.

Open Ended

Explain how the mutation in the CFTR gene leads to the symptoms observed in cystic fibrosis patients.

Open Ended

How might a mutation in DNA affect an organism, and can all mutations be passed to offspring?

Multiple Choice

What are the three main types of mutations described in DNA?

• Substitution, Insertion, Deletion

• Replication, Translation, Transcription

• Duplication, Translocation, Inversion

• Addition, Multiplication, Division

Multiple Choice

When an extra base is inserted into the DNA sequence of a gene, the protein doesn't work. Which explains why?

• the base increases rate of translation
• the base causes DNA to be transcribed in opposite direction
• the inserted base causes the codons in the sequence to be incorrect for the desired protein
• the base signals enzymes to translate DNA rather than RNA

Fill in the Blanks

A genetic sequence undergoes a mutation. The original sequence, the mutated sequence, and a codon chart are shown.

Original: AUG CCG GCG AUU ACA

Mutated: AUC GCC GGC GAU UAC A

How many amino acid changes can be identified from the mutated sequence shown?

Multiple Choice

What do helpful mutations do? 

• Increases chances of survival 
• Decreases changes of survival 
• Increases chances of developing cancer
• Decreases skills

Multiple Choice

Mutations are important because they bring about

• death of the organism in which they develop
• genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
• benefits for the individual, not for the population
• Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population