Semester 1 Review

​Semester 1 Review

By Michael Sellers

Age of Contact

Spain Claims Land

Spain claimed vast amounts of territory in North America when he sails for Spain in 1492. This discovery encourages other to follow in order to claim wealth, glory, or spread their faith. This is known as the 3 G's ( God, Gold, and Glory ).

One such explorer, Cabeza de Vaca, came looking for wealth. However, his shipwreck and enslavement put dampers on his grand vision of wealth and fame. His task was now simply to survive.

Cabeza survived his time in Texas and Northern Mexico. He would later write a book about his ordeal that would inspire others to explore Texas for the riches the Native American legends spoke of.

Multiple Choice

Cabeza de Vaca is best known for...

• Defeating the Aztec Empire

• Keeping written records of his travels in Texas

• Finding The Lost City of Gold

• Claiming all of North America for the Spanish Empire

Explorers

Cabeza de Vaca- Kept written records and wrote a book on his travels. Inspired others to explore Texas.

Alonso Alvarez de Pineda- Created the first map of the Texas Coastline

Hernan Cortez- Conquored the Aztec Empire for Spain.

Multiple Choice

I conquered the Aztec Empire

• Sebastian de Cruz

• Cabeza de Vaca

• Hernan Cortez

• Alonso Alvarez de Pineda

Multiple Choice

I made a map of the Texas coastline!

• Alonso Alvarez de Pineda

• Cabeza de Vaca

• Hernan Cortez

• Miguel Brodi

  Tatum

Multiple Choice

I inspired future explorers with my writings of my time in Texas

• Hernan Cortez

• Skyler de Kari

• Alonso Alvarez de Pineda

• Cabeza de Vaca

Native Peoples and Spain

​A strained relationship

Spain now had to decide how to settle and populate their new land. They decided to go with the Mission System. The Mission system set up Missions, churches, in Texas and other parts of their territory. They would spread their faith to the Native Americans of the area and teach them Spanish. This was hoped would turn these people into good, loyal Spanish citizens. This system was only partially successful as it worked in Mexico, but failed in other regions like Texas.

They all found different ways to live life effectively in the environment they lived in. Such as, the Karankawa who fished using dugout canoes in the Gulf Coast Region of Texas

Differences

They all had spiritual belief systems, though they did not always look the same.

Simularities

Native People

Multiple Choice

What cultural region would have adapted survival techniques such as using canoes and fishing?

• The Gulf Coast Culture

• Puebloan Culture

• The Plains Culture

• The Badlands Culture

Multiple Choice

Spanish Missions and the Missionaries who ran them had what goal?

• Keep Spanish gold safe from bandits

• To establish government offices

• Conquer Native Peoples

• To spread Christianity to Native Americans

Multiple Choice

What aspect of Culture did all Native Peoples share?

• Food Gathering Habits

• Settlement Types

• Spiritual Beliefs

• Language

Eras in Time

Age of Contact- Coast of Texas is mapped by Alonso Álvarez de Pineda

Spanish Colonization- Creation of Missions and Presidios.

Mexican National- Mexican Independence and Empresarios settle Texas

Texas Revolution- Texans are defeated at the Battle of the Alamo.

Republic of Texas- Sam Houston serves as President

Multiple Choice

This time period is characterized by Missions and Presidios being built in Texas

• Age of Contact

• Mexican National Era

• Spanish Colonial Era

• The Republic of Texas

Drag and Drop

One example of the​ ​

Placeholder

is when Alonso Alvarez de Pineda made a map of Texas.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Age of Contact

Mexican National

Spanish Colonial

The Republic of Texas

Multiple Choice

An example of the Mexican National Era is when...

• Empresarios settled people in Texas

• Cabeza de Vaca wrote his book

• William B Travis defended the Alamo

• Spain built missions in Texas

Empresarios, land agents, would sell CHEAP and ABUNDANT land to Anglos, Americans, to get them to move west to Texas.

They had to become Mexican Citizens.

Solution:

Texas was underpopulated and needed more people to move in to help settle the land, but few were willing to move from Mexico to unsettled Texas.

​Problem:

The Empresario System

Martin de Leon brought families from Mexico. He founded the city of Victoria and helped establish the ranching tradition in Texas.

Martin de Leon

Stephen F. Austin brought families from The United States to Texas. He established his colony and his capital city of San Felipe de Austin.

Stephen F. Austin

Famous Empresarios

Multiple Choice

Empresarios like Stephen F. Austin and Martin de Leon are known for...

• Creating a university for students in Texas to attend

• Rebelling against Mexico in the Fredonian Rebellion

• Establishing the Republic of Texas

• Getting people to settle in Texas

Drag and Drop

Both​ ​

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​ and American immigrants migrated to Texas for the​

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.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Mexican

Cheap Land

Expensive Housing

Cold Weather

High Taxes

German

American

Road to Revolution

American Settlers Grow Restless

Mexico, after the Fredonian Rebellion, decided to stop letting Americans move to Texas with the Law of April 6th, 1830.

This Law angered Americans. The Law of April 6th Stopped immigration from The United States, Increased Taxes on all goods from The US, and outlawed the slave trade in Texas.

Texas Revolution

The Texas Revolution began at Gonzales when Mexico tried to take back a cannon given to the people to defend themselves against Native American Raids.

The Alamo- served to slow down Santa Anna to buy General Houston valuable time. This defeat became a rallying cry for the Texas Army.

Goliad- Texas soldiers were captured and massacred by Santa Anna's orders rather than be treated as prisoners of war. Inspired Texas to keep fighting.

​Travis's Letter from The Alamo

"I have answered the demand with a cannon shot, & our flag

still waves proudly from the walls. I shall never surrender or retreat.

Then, I call on you in the name of Liberty, of patriotism & everything

dear to the American character, to come to our aid, with all

dispatch--The enemy is receiving reinforcements daily & will no

doubt increase to three or four thousand in four or five days. If this

call is neglected, I am determined to sustain myself as long as

possible & die like a soldier who never forgets what is due to his

own honor & that of his country-- Victory or Death." - William B. Travis

The End of The Revolution

San Jacinto- The Final Battle that only lasted 18 minutes! Texas wins independence after defeating Santa Anna.

The Treaty of Velasco- This treaty ends the Texas Revolution and Texas is now its own country! The Republic of Texas!

Multiple Choice

Select the best description of the Battle of San Jacinto

• Mexico defeated Houston and drove him back to The United States

• Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna at the Battle of The Alamo

• Sam Houston and his army were captured

• Sam Houston

  was victorious

  over the Mexican

  Army in a battle

  that lasted 18

  minutes.

Multiple Choice

What impact did The Battle of San Jacinto have on Texas?

• Mexico crushed the Rebellion

• Texas gained its

  independence

  and captured

  Santa Anna at

  this battle.

• Santa Anna would win the next presidential election

• Mirabeau B Lamar would be the second President of Texas

Multiple Choice

Which describes what happened at the Alamo?

• Santa Anna

  surrounded

  and defeated

  William Travis

  and the men

  inside the fort.

• Travis and his men defeated Santa Anna

• The Alamo accidently blew up from a gun powder accident

• Sam Houston arrived and defeated Santa Anna

Multiple Choice

Why was Travis writing this letter from the Alamo?

• To Ask for help and encourage others to fight

• To beg for mercy from Santa Anna

• Declare Texas an Independent Republic

• To convince The US to annex Texas

The Republic of Texas

After independence was secured at San Jacinto, Sam Houston was elected the First President of The Republic of Texas.

The government that Texas chose was that of a Republic where people got the opportunity to vote on issues by electing representatives, just as they do in The United States.

Sam Houston saw one easy solution to all three problems at the same time. Join The United States.

Annexation- To join a larger group or organization

Texas would gain protection from Mexico through the American Army.

​Solutions:

• Debt- $10 Million Dollars worth

• Worthless Money

• Constant threat of being recaptured by Mexico

​Problems:

The Republic in Crisis

Multiple Choice

What type of government did Texas choose after Independence?

• A Dictators

• A Monarchy

• A Republic

• A Democracy

Multiple Choice

Why did Texas want to be annexed by The United States?

• The US is just like that

• Mexico traded Texas to The United States

• The United States offered to give Texas money

• The US Army could protect Texas from Mexico

​Annexation of Texas

Texas, in 1845, held a vote on the matter of Annexation. Texas voted 4,245 (For) - 267 (Against). The Reasons Texans wanted annexation varied.

Reasons For Annexation:

The US Army could help protect Texas from future aggression from Mexico.
The American dollar could help stabilize the Texas economy.

​The Mexican American War

Mexico was displeased with Texas joining The United States. Texas and Mexico had never settled the border dispute between the two countries before Texas as annexed by The United States. This border dispute was now between Mexico and The United States. This started the War.

Which River would be the natural boundary between the new state of Texas in The United States and Mexico, The Rio Grande or The Nueces River?

Multiple Choice

What was the main reason for the Mexican American War?

• Texas invaded Mexico

• The US sank a Mexican trading ship

• A border dispute

• Mexico had taken Texans hostage

Multiple Choice

Texas joined the United States as the 28th state in what year?

• 1836
• 1845
• 1718
• 1824

All of its Northwestern territory, plus they lose any and all rights to Texas. Mexico must accept that the Rio Grande is the NATURAL BOUNDARY between the two countries.

Mexico Loses:

Mexico's Northwestern Lands such as Califonria, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah.

The Texas border was officially set at the Rio Grande

​The US Gets:

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The Mexican Cession

Cession- To give something up to another person or group.

Mexico forced to give up California, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and new Mexico.

Multiple Choice

What territory, prior to it's annexation, was a disputed land between Mexico and the United States?

• Texas

• Oregon

• Florida

• Louisiana

Multiple Choice

What river was considered by the United States to be the true border between Texas and Mexico?

• Rio Grande

• Mississippi

• Missouri

• Colorado

Multiple Choice

The Mexican Cession included which current U.S state?

• California

• Oregon

• Washington

• Florida

Multiple Choice

What treaty ended the war, making Mexico give up half of it's territory?

• Treaty of Ghent

• Adams-Onis Treaty

• Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

• Treaty of Santa Anna

A Land Divided over...Slavery

The Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 helped, temporarily, solve the issue on what to do about slavery in the new lands won in the Mexican American War. What type of states would these lands become, the Compromise kept Free and Slave States happy for a brief period of time, preventing a Civil War.

All other land will be decided, free or slave, by Popular Sovereignty.

Popular Sovereignty means to Vote.

​Slave States Get:

California joins The US as a Free State.

​Free States Get:

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850
What about Texas?

The Compromise of 1850 did something for Texas too. If Texas gave up all land claims to New Mexico Territory, The US would forgive and pay off all debts owed from The Republic of Texas.

This gives Texas its unique shape that we have today.

Multiple Choice

What would have caused the US Congress to create the Compromise of 1850?

• Congress disagreed on whether to ban slavery in new territories.

• The Supreme Court created the Compromise of 1850

• Congress agreed that slavery should be allowed in the new territories

• President Lincoln asked them to

Multiple Choice

What effect, or impact, did the Compromise of 1850 have?

• It prevented the Civil War from happening

• Slavery was allowed in California

• Texas took over the New Mexico Territory

• Texas lost its claims to present-day New Mexico territory.