Genetics

​Genetics

By Christine Bondi

Every cell contains all of the DNA for an organism -- for humans, this means all 46 chromosomes are found in every cell in the body except for sex cells.

DNA and Cells

Each chromosome contains many genes. Each gene codes for a protein that expresses a trait. Different cells perform different jobs and have different genes that are expressed.

​

​Genes

Gene Expression

Each pair of chromosomes contains one chromosome from the father and one chromosome from the mother.

Some genes are expressed and some are not. Gene expression can also be affected by the environment.

Multiple Choice

Which best explains why children resemble their parents?

• they eat same foods
• they have similar DNA
• they speak the same language
• they have the same interests

Multiple Choice

Where is the majority of DNA stored within a cell?

• Chloroplast

• Cell wall

• Cell membrane

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true?

• Your DNA is identical to your siblings.

• Your DNA is identical to your father's.

• Your DNA is identical to your mother's.

• Your DNA is unique to you.

Multiple Choice

A segment of DNA that codes for a trait

• gene

• allele

• chromosome

• chromatid

Multiple Choice

A chromosome is made of coiled up ___________.

• cells

• nuclei

• DNA

Multiple Choice

Eye color, hair color, having freckles, etc. are examples of:

• DNA

• Chromosomes

• Genes

• Traits

Multiple Choice

How many Chromosomes do we inherit from our parents?

• 23 from dad and 23 from mom, or 46 total

• 13 from dad and 13 from mom, or 26 total

• 13 from dad and 33 from mom, or 46 total

Multiple Choice

What is a mutation?

• a cell growing normally

• a change in DNA's code

• copying DNA

• the building of proteins

Multiple Choice

The central dogma of biology states that information flows in one direction from 

• nuclei to RNA to cytoplasm
• ribosomes to proteins to DNA
• genes to nuclei to ribosomes
• DNA to RNA to proteins

Multiple Choice

The process by which a cell directs a gene to make a certain protein is called-

• gene expression

• chromosome assembly

• DNA extraction

• genetic modification