​FINAL Study Guide (SigFigs, and Data, Graphing Skills)

​FINAL Study Guide (SigFigs, and Data, Graphing Skills)

By Victor Castillo

Significant Figures and Working with Data)

Significant Figures

Multiple Choice

Name the lab equipment shown in the picture.

• graduated cylinder

• flask

• beaker

• test tube

Multiple Choice

What property is a triple beam balance used to measure?

• Mass

• Volume

• Weight

• Distance

Multiple Choice

A barking dog, with long brown fur

• Quantitative Observation

• Qualitative Observation

Multiple Choice

The screwdriver is 7 cm long with a handle that is 2.3 cm long.

• Quantitative Observation

• Qualitative Observation

Multiple Choice

What is the length of the object in centimeters?

• 3.4 cm

• 4.3 cm

• 3.5 cm

• 1 ¹/₄ inches

Multiple Choice

Measure the length of this object to the nearest centimeter?

• 4 cm

• 5 cm

• 4.3 cm

• 3.4 cm

Multiple Choice

What is the length of the object in millimeters (mm)?

• 27 mm

• 7.2 mm

• 2.7 mm

• 3 mm

Multiple Choice

What is the reading at point A?

• 1.5 cm

• 1.5 mm

Multiple Select

How many significant figures are in 0.002010

• 7

• 2

• 4

• 3

Significant Figures

• Every digit of a number used to express it to the required degree of accuracy, starting from the first nonzero digit.

• There are 5 rules to determine how many "sig figs" a number has...​

Rule #1

ALL non-zero digits DO count!

​498

​

​

​3 sig figs!

​2 sig figs!

​1 sig fig!

​79

​2

Rule #2

Zeros "sandwiched" between two significant figures are significant!

​409

​

​

​5 sig figs!

​3 sig figs!

​4 sig figs!

​7006

​20004

Rule #3

PLACEHOLDER Zeros are NOT significant

​400

​

​

​1 sig fig!

​1 sig fig!

​2 sig figs!

​7500

​20

Rule #4

​498.00

​

​

​4 sig figs!

​5 sig figs!

​3 sig figs!

​ 79.0

​2.000

Rule #5

Multiple Choice

How many significant figures?

7945

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

How many significant figures?

0.150

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

How many significant figures?

76400.0

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

Multiple Choice

How many significant figures?

76490

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

Multiple Choice

The measurement 24.30 m has 3 significant figures.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The measurement 0.0056 g has 2 significant figures.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

How many sig figs are there?
0.00400

• 1
• 3
• 5
• 6

Multiple Choice

How many sig figs are there?
5.00000008

• 2
• 6
• 9

Multiple Choice

How many sig figs are there?
9009.00

• 2
• 4
• 5
• 6

Multiple Choice

How many sig figs are there?
27000000

• 2
• 5
• 8

Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the Blanks

Sig figs when adding/subtracting

When adding or subtracting, round your answer to the same place as the number with the LEAST amount of DECIMALS.

​45.879 + 32.1 = 77.979

​45.879 + 32.1 = 77.979​ ------> 78.0

​5.41 + 65.456 = 70.866

​​5.41 + 65.456 = 70.866 -------> 70.87

Multiple Choice

Which one is rounded correctly for the following equation?

1.987 - 0.48 = ?

• 1.5

• 1.51

• 1.507

• 2

​Sig figs when multiplying/dividing

When multiplying or dividing, round your answer to the same place as the number with the LEAST amount of SIGNIFICANT FIGURES.

​47.06 x 1.0004 = 47.078824

​​47.06 x 1.0004 = 47.08

​98.04​ = 32.68

3​

​​98.04​ = 30

3​

Multiple Choice

Which one is rounded to the correct number of significant figures for the following equation?

7520 x 0.021 = 157.92

• 157.92

• 157.9

• 158

• 160

Multiple Choice

Which answer is rounded to the correct place for the equation below?

457.1 + 459.32 = 916.42

• 916.42

• 916.4

• 916.0

• 916

Multiple Choice

Which answer is rounded to the correct place for the equation below?

487.0 / .0024 = 121750.0

• 121750.0

• 121800

• 122000

• 120000

Graphing Skills

There are lots of parts of a graph

• Title

• X-Axis Label

• Y-Axis Label

• Scales

• Legend

Title

• Tells you what the graph is about

• Includes the dependent and independent variables

X-Axis Label

• Tells you what the x-axis (horizontal/bottom line) is showing

• Independent Variable

• Matches the different trails in the experiment

X-Axis Label

This experiment looked at how leaving a piece of chalk in a cup of vinegar over time would change the weight of the chalk. The independent variable is the time, on the x-axis.

​Scientific Variables & Graphing

By Kathryn Polson

Graphs

​Graph/Experiment Set Up

• ​The independent variable is the variable the scientist will change or decide to control

• ​Independent Variable is placed on the X or horizontal axis

• ​​The dependent variable is the variable the scientist will measure or record changes in

  The dependent Variable is placed on the Y or vertical axis

​Add I to bottom (X) and D to vertical (Y)

Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

The data below was obtained by placing a cup of water in a freezer and measuring the temperature of the water every minute.

Which graph below best represents the data?

​There are 4 graph relationships

• ​DIRECT - as Ind/X variable increases Depend/Y variable increases

• ​INDIRECT - as Ind/X variable increases Depend/Y variable decreases

• ​CYCLIC - as Ind/X variable increases Depend/Y variable changes in a repeating pattern

• ​NONE - as Ind/X variable increases Depend/Y variable does not change

Multiple Choice

Which graph most likely illustrates a cyclic change?

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

A student planted three tomato plants and gave them different amounts of water each week. She wanted to see how this would affect the number of tomatoes each plant produced. Her data are shown in the table below.

Which graph shows correctly labeled axes for these data?

​DATA ANALYSIS

• ​Identify the variables asked for in the question

• ​If possible draw lines on graph to identify correct values

• ​What is the mass of object H?

• ​What is the volume of object H?

Multiple Choice

What is the mass of substance E?

• 1 g

• 2 g

• 3 g

• 4 g

Multiple Choice

What is the mass of substance C when its volume is 6 cm3?

• 1 g

• 2 g

• 3 g

• 4 g

Poll

Which plant was the tallest at the end of the 20-day period?

• Plant 1

• Plant 2

• Plant 3

Multiple Choice

What kind of graphing relationship do all 3 plants show?

• Direct

• Indirect

• Cyclic

• Static/No

Multiple Choice

approximately on what day did plant 1 become taller than plant 3?

• Day 13

• Day 15

• Day 18

• Day 20

Multiple Choice

The graph below represents the relationship between the amount of spring rainfall recorded at a pond and the number of frogs in that pond.

What is the difference between the number of frogs in the pond when the rainfall was 5 cm and when the rainfall was 20 cm?

• 30 frogs

• 40 frogs

• 50 frogs

• 60 frogs

Poll

What is the MAIN purpose of graphs in science?

• Graphs allow us to visually represent data

• Graphs allow for easier interpretation of data

• We can use graphs to make further predictions

• Graphs make our lab reports more aesthetically pleasing.

Open Ended

How do shark attacks and ice cream consumption relate to one another?

A variable is anything that can change or be changed. In other words, it is any factor that can be manipulated, controlled for, or measured in an experiment. The 3 main types are

• Independent - The factor that is changed

• ​Dependent - The factor that is measured

• Controlled - The factors that are kept the same​

​

​Types of variables

​

Categorize

Options (4)

Idea based on an observation

Dependent Variable

Control

Independent Variable

Organize these options into the right categories

Variable YOU Change

What stays THE SAME

Data

Inference

Multiple Choice

One math class studies for an upcoming test while another math class does not study for the same test. The test scores of the two classes are compared afterwards. What is the independent variable?

• The test scores

• If a class studies or not

• The type of class

Multiple Choice

One math class studies for an upcoming test while another math class does not study for the same test. The test scores of the two classes are compared afterwards. What is the dependent variable?

• The test scores

• If a class studies or not

• The type of class

During an experiment, you measure how much each variable changes. At the end, we have a lot of data that needs to be put in a format that makes it easy for people to understand. For this, scientists use data tables, charts and graphs.

​

​Graphing

When creating a graph, ​you must remember to put the variables on the correct axes. The independent variable goes on the X-axis and the dependent variable goes on the Y-axis. The acronym DRY MIX can help you to remember this.

​Graphing variables

Multiple Choice

Where on you graph would you place the manipulated or independent variable?

• Y-axis

• X-axis

• At the center of the graph

• At the x-axis intersection

Multiple Choice

On a graph, which axis shows the dependent variable?

• x-axis
• y-axis
• neither
• it changes

Multiple Select

Identify the independent and dependent variable using the graph.

• The dependent variable is total cost
• The dependent variable is weight
• The independent variable is total cost
• The independent variable is weight