Science 8 T2 ETA Review

Science of Materials

Multiple Choice

How does the mass of a proton compare to the mass of an electron?

• A proton has nearly the same mass as an electron.

• A proton has a much larger mass than an electron.

• A proton has a much smaller mass than an electron.

• A proton and an electron have equal masses.

Multiple Choice

In an element box, the number at top is the

• atomic number

• atomic name

• atomic mass

• atomic symbol

Multiple Choice

How many electrons does Si contain? (consider the element to be neutral)

• 14
• 28
• 2
• 4

Multiple Choice

What happens to an atom when it gains an electron?

• It becomes neutral.

• It becomes positively charged.

• It becomes negatively charged.

• It loses a neutron to stay balanced.

Multiple Choice

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the neutral atom of Cl (atomic number: 17, mass number: 35)?

• A. 17 protons, 15 neutrons and 17 electrons

• B. 17 protons, 17 neutrons and 17 electrons

• C. 17 protons, 17 neutrons and 18 electrons

• D. 17 protons, 18 neutrons and 17 electrons

Multiple Choice

How many neutrons are in a Gold atom?

• 79
• 196
• 118
• 275

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes a compound?

• It is made of one kind of atom.
  

•  It can be physically separated.
  

•  It forms when two or more elements chemically combine.
  

• It always exists in solid form.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a compound?

• Oxygen gas (O₂)

• Nitrogen gas (O₂)

• Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

• Gold (Au)

Categorize

Options (4)

Group elements into "triads".

Law of Octaves

Arranged elements according to atomic number

Telluric Helix

Match these historic figures to their contribution to the development of the periodic table:

Johann Dobereiner

John Newlands

Henry Moseley

Alexandre de Chancourtois

Multiple Choice

In the modern periodic table, elements on the same GROUP have

• the same energy level

• the same valence electron

• the same orbitals

• the same protons

Multiple Choice

In the modern periodic table, elements on the same PERIOD have

• the same energy level

• the same valence electron

• the same orbitals

• the same protons

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a p block element?

• Ca
• Ar
• Re
• Au

Multiple Choice

What electron configuration matches an oxygen atom (atomic number:8) ?

• 1s²2s²2p⁶3s2, 3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁵
• 1s²2s²2p⁴
• 1s²2s²2p⁶
• 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹

Multiple Choice

What atom matches this electron configuration?
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²

• Neon
• Magnesium
• Aluminum
• Potassium

Multiple Choice

The electron configuration of an atom is 1s²2s²2p⁶.  The number of electrons in the atom is 

• 3
• 6
• 8
• 10

Multiple Choice

Which electron configuration belongs to Copper (Cu)?

• 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁸
• 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁹
• 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰

Force, Motion and Energy

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a unit for acceleration?

• km/s
• m/s²
• mi/hr
• ft

Multiple Choice

Acceleration of an object happens when things ________

• slow down
• go faster
• change direction (turn)
• All of the above

Multiple Choice

A roller coaster accelerates from an initial speed of 6.0 m/s to a final speed of 70 m/s over 4 seconds. What's the acceleration?

• -16 m/s²

• 18 m/s²

• 16 m/s²

• 16 m/s

Multiple Choice

A dog runs with an initial speed of 7.5 m/s on a waxed floor.  It slides to a stop in 15 seconds.  What is the acceleration?

• -7.5 m/s
• -7.5 m/s²
• -0.5 m/s²
• 7.5 mi//hr

Multiple Choice

 A 4 kg cart is pushed with a constant net force of 12 N on a smooth floor. What describes its motion?

• Zero acceleration, speed stays constant.
  

• Uniform acceleration of 3 m/s².
  

•  Increasing acceleration every second.
  

•  Constant speed of 12 m/s².

Multiple Choice

A soccer player kicks a stationary ball, causing it to speed up. What causes this?

• The ball’s mass decreases.

•  A balanced force acted on it.

• An unbalanced force changed its velocity.
  

• The grass exerted a stronger force than the kick.

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between negative acceleration and zero acceleration?

• negative acceleration - object is slowing down
  
  zero acceleration - constant speed and direction

• negative acceleration - constant speed and direction
  
  zero acceleration - object is slowing down

• negative acceleration - uniform acceleration
  
  zero acceleration - deceleration

• negative acceleration - object is slowing down
  
  zero acceleration - uniform acceleration

Multiple Choice

A seat on a rotating carousel moves at a constant speed. Why is it accelerating?

•  It speeds up only at the top of the circle.
  

• It is not accelerating because speed is constant.
  

• It accelerates because its direction constantly changes.
  

• The net force on it is zero.

Non-uniform Acceleration

• Definition: Acceleration is constant—it does not change over time.

• Meaning: The object’s velocity increases or decreases by the same amount every second.

• Example: A ball in free fall near Earth’s surface (ignoring air resistance) accelerates at –9.8 m/s² the entire time.

Uniform Acceleration

Uniform or Non-Uniform Acceleration

• Definition: Acceleration is changing—it does not stay constant.

• Meaning: The object’s velocity changes by different amounts each second because the acceleration varies.

• Example: A car speeding up irregularly in traffic (sometimes fast, sometimes slow), or a roller coaster moving through curves and loops.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following situations shows uniform acceleration?

• A cyclist who slows down irregularly while approaching traffic

• A car increasing its speed by 2 m/s every second

• A roller coaster speeding up and slowing down around loops

• A runner who sprints in bursts then jogs slowly

Multiple Choice

A car speeds up from 5 m/s to 15 m/s in 5 seconds, increasing its speed by 2 m/s every second.
Is the motion uniform or non-uniform?

• Uniform Acceleration

• Non-uniform Acceleration

Multiple Choice

A skydiver jumps from a plane and is in free fall for 3.0 s. Which statement correctly describes the motion (ignoring air resistance)?

• Velocity increases uniformly because acceleration is constant.

• Velocity stays constant because gravity is constant.

• Velocity decreases because of increasing air resistance.

• Acceleration increases continuously during free fall.

Problem Solving Exercises