Tectonic Activity Holiday Review

​Year 8 Humanities: Tectonic Activity. Holiday Review

By Nicholas Martin

Holiday Review

AIms

The purpose of this holiday review is to go back over some of the core concepts we have learned so far in the unit. You will be able to go through, check your knowledge and answer questions.

The Earth is divided up into 4 layers:

• The Inner Core

• The Outer Core

• The Mantle

• The Crust

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Structure of the Earth

Multiple Choice

The layers of Earth are the ________.

• hydrosphere, atmosphere, troposphere, outer core and inner core

• stratosphere, ionosphere, troposphere, outer core and inner core

• crust, mantle, outer core and inner core

• tectonic plates, faults, lithosphere and core

Multiple Choice

The core is mostly made up mostly of which elements?

• Oxygen and Silicon
• Silicon and Magnesium
• Nickel and Iron
• Iron and Magnesium

The Crust of the earth is divided into sections called Tectonic Plates
The plates under the oceas are very thin, but dense. Only about 5km thick.
The plates on the land are thicker, and can vary from 50-100 km thick.

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The Tectonic Plates

Multiple Choice

The outer layer of Earth's crust is made up of huge pieces of rock called ________.

• faults

• tectonic plates

• magma

• tsunamis

There are 7 major (most important) plates:

• African

• Antarctic

• Eurasian

• Indo-Australian

• North American

• South American

• Pacific

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The Major plates

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the name of the ancient supercontinent formed 280 Million Years ago.

• Pangea

• Gondwanda

• Laurasia

• Neverland

The Tectonic Plates are constantly moving due to convection currents in the mantle.
Heat from the core causes the molten rock to move, as it does so, it moves the plates that sit on top.

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​The Movement of the Plates

Multiple Choice

Which of the following causes Earth's tectonic plates to move?

• Energy from the Sun
• Magnetic Pole Reversal
• Convection currents in the mantle
• Faults in Mountain Ranges

The Crust is divided into plates, which move on the mantle.
Where the edges of the plates meet each other is called the Plate Boundaries

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Plate Boundaries

Two plates collide with each other.
Oceanic + Continental= Oceanic pushed under (subduction) earthquakes and volcanoes.
Continental + Continental = fold mountains, earthquakes volc.

COnvergent

2 plates pull away from each other.
Magma rises to fill the gap forming a new crust
Ridges and shield volcanoes.

Divergent

2 plates slide along each other.

Tension builds

When released- Earthquakes.

Transform

Multiple Choice

what is a convergent boundary?

• where the plates come together

• where the plates move apart

• where the plates slide next to each other

Multiple Choice

What type of event will occur at this boundary?

• Earthquake
• Volcano Eruption
• Tornado
• Mountain Building

Multiple Choice

Mountains form from ...

• plates sliding past one another
• collision of plates
• plates moving away from each other

Multiple Choice

what is a transform boundary?

• where the plates come together

• where the plates move apart

• where the plates slide next to each other

Multiple Choice

Name the boundary

• convergent boundary
• divergent boundary
• transform boundary
• sergent boundary

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is where one plate slides under another plate?

• submarine zone
• divergence zone
• subduction zone
• lower zone

•A Volcano (火山)is an opening in the Earth’s surface. The opening allows gas, hot magma and ash to escape from beneath the earth’s crust.

​When magma, ash and gas is thrown violently from the volcano this is called an eruption (喷发).

Volcanoes

The Ring of Fire is a belt of volcanoes and earthquakes. It contains almost 1000 volcanoes!

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The Ring of Fire

Magma Reservoir
Conduit
Crater
Main Vent
Lava Flow

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​Parts of a Volcano

Drag and Drop

The ​

Placeholder

of a volcano is stored in a ​

Placeholder

. When ​

Placeholder

builds it eventually results in an ​

Placeholder

to release the built up magma, gas and ash.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

magma

reservoir

pressure

eruption

A Volcano which is unlikely to erupt again.

​​Extinct Volcano

A Volcano which has not erupted recently, but may do so in the future.

Dormant Volcano

An awake volcano, with recent eruptions.

Active Volcano

Icelandic volcano eruption of 2010
Only a small eruption really, but with big impacts.
Economic: Ash cloud prevented planes from flying across Europe. Therefore shut down of sports activites, tourism drops. Farmers lose jobs in Kenya (can't sell in Europe)

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E15 Volcano Eruption

In 79CE Mt Vesuvius erupted and destroyed the Roman city of Pompeii.
The whole city was buried under 9m of ash, 2000 people were killed.
But preserved the town for future study.

Pompeii and Mt Vesuvius

• Help to create fertile soil due to the ashfall bringing nutrients and minerals to the surface.

• Geothermal energy- heat from the mantle can be used to generate clean energy.

• Tourism- Volcanoes can attract tourists to a region, acting as an economic stimulus.
  

ADvantages of Volcanoes

• Dangerous to human life and habitation.

• Disturb usual economic processes, infrastructure

• Threat to natural ecosystems.

Disadvantages of Volcanoes

Categorize

Options (6)

Fertile Soil

Geothermal Energy

Dangerous Eruptions

Tourism Opportunities

Environmental Impact

economic disruption

Classify the following features of volcanoes as either advantages or disadvantages

Advantage

Disadvantage

Multiple Choice

Name the boundary

• convergent boundary
• divergent boundary
• transform boundary
• sergent boundary