3GENBIO2 - CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Multiple Choice

Which process describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins?

• Replication

• Transcription and Translation

• Translation and Replication

• Transcription only

Multiple Select

Select all correct statements about the central dogma of molecular biology.

• DNA is transcribed to RNA.

• RNA is translated to protein.

• Proteins are transcribed to DNA.

• DNA is replicated to form new DNA.

Fill in the Blanks

The process by which DNA is copied to produce a new DNA molecule is called

.

Multiple Choice

Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA

• AATCATGGA
• TTAGTACCT
• UUAGUACCU
• GGATAUCUA

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

• DNA replication occurs in the cytoplasm.

• DNA replication produces a new copy of DNA inside the nucleus.

• DNA replication creates proteins from DNA.

• DNA replication converts RNA into DNA.

Multiple Choice

Which DNA replication model results in each daughter molecule having one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand after two replication cycles?

• Semiconservative model

• Conservative model

• Dispersive model

• Random model

Fill in the Blanks

DNA synthesis always proceeds in the ___ to ___ direction.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about DNA elongation is correct?

• The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction.

• The lagging strand is synthesized continuously in the 3' to 5' direction.

• Both strands are synthesized in a discontinuous manner.

• Okazaki fragments are found on the leading strand.

Open Ended

Compare and contrast the roles of DNA helicase and RNA primase in DNA replication.

Multiple Choice

Which enzymes are directly involved in the initiation of DNA replication?

• DNA helicase and RNA primase

• DNA polymerase and DNA ligase

• RNA polymerase and DNA gyrase

• Topoisomerase and DNA polymerase

Multiple Choice

What is the main difference between the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?

• The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments.

• The leading strand is made of RNA, while the lagging strand is made of DNA.

• The leading strand is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.

• The leading strand is only found in prokaryotes, while the lagging strand is only found in eukaryotes.

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme is responsible for binding to the primer and synthesizing a new DNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction?

• DNA polymerase

• Helicase

• Ligase

• Topoisomerase

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme replaces RNA primers with DNA nucleotides during continuous DNA synthesis?

• DNA polymerase I

• DNA polymerase III

• Exonuclease

• Ligase

Multiple Choice

Arrange the following steps of DNA replication in the correct order: (1) Topoisomerase untwists the double helix, (2) Helicase separates the strand, (3) Single-stranded binding proteins prevent the unwound strands from rejoining.

• 2, 3, 1

• 1, 2, 3

• 2, 1, 3

• 3, 2, 1

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme is responsible for adding DNA nucleotides to the RNA primer during DNA replication?

• Primase

• DNA Polymerase

• Ligase

• Helicase

Multiple Choice

What is the main difference between the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?

• The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously.

• The leading strand uses RNA nucleotides, while the lagging strand uses DNA nucleotides.

• The leading strand is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.

• The leading strand requires ligase, while the lagging strand does not.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following enzymes is involved in unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

• Ligase

• Helicase

• DNA Polymerase

• Primase

Fill in the Blanks

DNA replication proceeds in the ___ to ___ direction on the leading strand.

Multiple Choice

Match the following stages of DNA replication with their correct descriptions: Initiation, Elongation, Termination.

• Initiation - Unwinding DNA strands; Elongation - Synthesis of new DNA strands; Termination - Removal of primers and replacement with DNA

• Initiation - Synthesis of new DNA strands; Elongation - Unwinding DNA strands; Termination - Removal of primers and replacement with DNA

• Initiation - Removal of primers and replacement with DNA; Elongation - Synthesis of new DNA strands; Termination - Unwinding DNA strands

• Initiation - Synthesis of Okazaki fragments; Elongation - Unwinding DNA strands; Termination - Synthesis of new DNA strands