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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a key step in the scientific method when designing an investigation?

• Conceiving the research idea

• Ignoring literature review

• Skipping problem justification

• Avoiding research questions

Open Ended

Why is it important to have a structured research design before starting an investigation?

Open Ended

Explain the importance of defining variables both conceptually and operationally in the research process.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a step mentioned in the research process shown in the image?

• Defining the type of research

• Establishing hypotheses

• Selecting the research design

• Writing the research report

Multiple Select

According to the images, which of the following are stages in the development of the theoretical framework?

• Revisión de la literatura

• Adopción de una teoría

• Definición de hipótesis

• Selección de la muestra

Multiple Choice

What is the main purpose of the theoretical framework in a research study?

• To collect data

• To provide a reference for interpreting results

• To analyze statistical methods

• To select the sample

Open Ended

Describe two functions of the theoretical framework as presented in the images.

Multiple Choice

What are the main functions of the theoretical framework in research?

• To orient the study, prevent errors, expand the horizon, inspire new studies, help establish hypotheses, and provide a frame of reference.

• To collect data, analyze results, and write the report.

• To design experiments, recruit participants, and publish findings.

• To summarize results, create graphs, and present conclusions.

Multiple Choice

Which are the two main stages in the development of the theoretical framework according to the diagrams?

• Literature review and adoption of a theory

• Data collection and analysis

• Hypothesis formulation and testing

• Experiment design and implementation

Multiple Choice

Why must the literature review be selective in the process of developing the theoretical framework?

• Because only relevant and necessary information should be collected for the research problem.

• Because all available literature must be included regardless of relevance.

• Because it saves time by skipping important sources.

• Because it avoids the need for a theoretical framework.

Open Ended

List and briefly describe the phases of the literature review process.

Multiple Select

Which actions can be taken to identify relevant literature at the beginning of the literature review process? Select all that apply.

• Consulting experts in the field

• Using search engines and databases

• Ignoring secondary sources

• Directly accessing primary sources

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the difference between general and specific research objectives?

• General objectives answer the research title and problem, while specific objectives lead to the general objective.

• General objectives are more detailed than specific objectives.

• Specific objectives are broader than general objectives.

• General objectives are not related to the research problem.

Multiple Choice

What are the key questions to consider when formulating research objectives, according to the table shown?

• What, Why, When, How

• Who, What, Where, When

• What, For what purpose, By what means, Infinitive verb

• What, Who, How, Where

Multiple Choice

Based on the syntagmatic table, which of the following verbs can be used to start a research objective?

• Establecer

• Mejorar

• Estructuras

• Entre

Multiple Choice

What are the main functions of a research hypothesis?

• To direct the research problem, identify variables for analysis, and guide the use of methods and techniques for obtaining information.

• To summarize the research results.

• To provide a literature review.

• To define the research objectives.

Open Ended

Explain the difference between a descriptive, correlational, and causal research hypothesis, using the examples provided.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes a representative sample in statistics?

• A sample that is a subset of the population and has a confidence level and margin of error.

• A sample that includes all members of the population.

• A sample that is chosen randomly without any criteria.

• A sample that only includes the largest group in the population.

Multiple Choice

What are two main advantages of using samples in research, as opposed to studying the entire population?

• Reduction of research costs and ability to study large populations.

• Ability to avoid errors and guarantee perfect results.

• Ensuring all data is collected in the shortest possible time and with no cost.

• Guaranteeing the results are always generalizable.

Open Ended

Explain the difference between a finite and an infinite population, providing an example of each.

Open Ended

In the context of statistics, why is the concept of an infinite population used, and what is its main benefit for research?

Multiple Choice

Which formula would you use to calculate the sample size for a finite population?

• n = (N * Z^2 * p * q) / (e^2 * (N - 1) + Z^2 * p * q)

• n = (Z^2 * p * q) / e^2

• n = N / (1 + N * e^2)

• n = (p * q) / e^2

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT part of the process of elaborating the theoretical framework in the scientific method?

• Reviewing the literature

• Detecting the literature

• Justifying the investigation and its viability

• Extracting and compiling relevant information

Open Ended

Reflecting on the steps of the scientific method shown, which step do you find most challenging and why?