Host Interactions Benefits

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a benefit provided by normal microbiota to the human host?

• They manufacture vitamins for us

• They cause diseases in the host

• They always harm the immune system

• They avoid competing with pathogens

Multiple Select

Which factors may result in a normal microbiota species causing disease?

• dysbiosis due to antibiotic therapy

• invasion of other tissues by the microbiota species

• immune system attack on the host's own tissues

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a pathogen?

• A microbe that causes disease

• A microbe that benefits the host

• A microbe that cannot interact with host tissues

• A microbe that only lives outside the host

Open Ended

What is dysbiosis, and how can it lead to disease?

Fill in the Blanks

Due to differences in host factors, a harmless species of the normal microbiota in one host may be

in another.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of an opportunistic pathogen?

• Escherichia coli entering the abdominal cavity

• Normal gut microbiota

• Antibiotic therapy

• Group B streptococci in the vagina

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes 'tropism' in the context of pathogens?

• The ability of a pathogen to survive outside a host

• The preference of a pathogen for a specific host or tissue

• The process by which pathogens are destroyed by the immune system

• The mutation of pathogens to resist antibiotics

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a benefit provided by normal microbiota to the host?

• Manufacture vitamins for us

• Compete with potential pathogens

• Promote immune system maturation

• Cause infectious diseases

Multiple Choice

Which factor is responsible for many emerging pathogens in humans?

• expanded host or tissue range of the pathogen

• increased use of antibiotics in the past half-century

• improved sanitation and hygiene practices

• availability of vaccines

Open Ended

Explain how host factors can influence whether a pathogen causes disease, even if the pathogen successfully invades its preferred host and tissue.