Host Interactions Benefits

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a benefit provided by normal microbiota to the human host?

• They manufacture vitamins for us

• They cause diseases in the host

• They always harm the immune system

• They avoid competing with pathogens

Multiple Select

Which factors may result in a normal microbiota species causing disease?

• dysbiosis due to antibiotic therapy

• invasion of other tissues by the microbiota species

• immune system attack on the host's own tissues

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a pathogen?

• A microbe that causes disease

• A microbe that benefits the host

• A microbe that cannot interact with host tissues

• A microbe that only lives outside the host

Open Ended

What is dysbiosis, and how can it lead to disease?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of an opportunistic pathogen?

• Escherichia coli entering the abdominal cavity

• Normal gut microbiota

• Antibiotic therapy

• Group B streptococci in the vagina

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes 'tropism' in the context of pathogens?

• The ability of a pathogen to survive outside a host

• The preference of a pathogen for a specific host or tissue

• The process by which pathogens are destroyed by the immune system

• The mutation of pathogens to resist antibiotics

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a benefit provided by normal microbiota to the host?

• Manufacture vitamins for us

• Compete with potential pathogens

• Promote immune system maturation

• Cause infectious diseases

Multiple Choice

Which factor is responsible for many emerging pathogens in humans?

• expanded host or tissue range of the pathogen

• increased use of antibiotics in the past half-century

• improved sanitation and hygiene practices

• availability of vaccines

Open Ended

Explain how host factors can influence whether a pathogen causes disease, even if the pathogen successfully invades its preferred host and tissue.